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However, the mechanism involved in the production of autoantibodies remains unclear. Follicular helper CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells (TFH) are specialized in B\u2010cell activation and antibody production, especially the TFH cell subsets type 2 and type 17. To date, TFH cell subsets have not been studied in human vitiligo. This study in 44 vitiligo patients and 19 healthy controls showed an increase in circulating TFH cells associated with disease clinical progression. A more precise analysis of TFH cell phenotype demonstrated that vitiligo is characterized by populations of peripheral TFH cells responsible for helping B\u2010cell function, such as TFH type 2 and type 17 which produce Th2\u2010 and TH17\u2010related cytokines, respectively. These findings suggest a new mechanism involving TFH cell subsets in the pathogenesis of human vitiligo and leading to the production of autoantibodies and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]],"date-time":"2018-12-15T16:28:43Z","timestamp":1544891323000},"page":"588-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Imbalance of peripheral follicular helper T lymphocyte subsets in active vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1617-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Jacquemin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno\u2010dermatology ATIP\u2010AVENIR University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0928-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Taieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno\u2010dermatology ATIP\u2010AVENIR University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders Hospital Saint\u2010Andr\u00e9 Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4428-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia","family":"Boniface","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno\u2010dermatology ATIP\u2010AVENIR University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1139-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Seneschal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno\u2010dermatology ATIP\u2010AVENIR University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders Hospital Saint\u2010Andr\u00e9 Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the FHU ACRONIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8622-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12476636"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-6-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/192736"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60763-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12324456"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb04269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12492607"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930410001710857"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.5886"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2261"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12522891"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12461505"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-3028-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314567750"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12355"}],"container-title":["Pigment Cell &amp; 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