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It is not completely understood how these isoforms influence pigmentation in different tissues and how the expression of these independent isoforms of <jats:italic>MITF<\/jats:italic> is regulated. Here, we show that melanocytes express two isoforms of <jats:italic>MITF<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MITF\u2010A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MITF\u2010M<\/jats:italic>. The expression of <jats:italic>MITF\u2010A<\/jats:italic> is partially regulated by a newly identified retinoid enhancer element located upstream of the <jats:italic>MITF\u2010A<\/jats:italic> promoter. <jats:italic>Mitf\u2010A<\/jats:italic> knockout mice have only subtle changes in melanin accumulation in the hair and reduced <jats:italic>Tyr<\/jats:italic> expression in the eye. In contrast, <jats:italic>Mitf\u2010M<\/jats:italic>\u2010null mice have enlarged kidneys, lack neural crest\u2010derived melanocytes in the skin, choroid, and iris stroma, yet maintain pigmentation within the retinal pigment epithelium and iris pigment epithelium of the eye. Taken together, these studies identify a critical role for <jats:italic>MITF\u2010M<\/jats:italic> in melanocytes, a minor role for <jats:italic>MITF\u2010A<\/jats:italic> in regulating pigmentation in the hair and <jats:italic>Tyr<\/jats:italic> expression in the eye, and a novel role for <jats:italic>MITF\u2010M<\/jats:italic> in size control of the kidney.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,28]],"date-time":"2019-09-28T08:49:22Z","timestamp":1569660562000},"page":"279-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Delineating the role of <i>MITF<\/i> isoforms in pigmentation and tissue homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Flesher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Systems Biology 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