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This study aimed to identify key genes and pathways involved in the inflammatory response of HCMs through the use of RNA\u2010seq. Primary HCMs were cultured from donor choroids, RNA was extracted from control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010treated HCMs, and mRNA was sequenced. Functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using gene ontology and gene set enrichment analyses. Representative RNA\u2010seq results were verified with RT\u2010qPCR and protein measurements. We detected 100 differentially expressed genes including an array of CCL and CXCL cytokines and mediators of cell\u2013cell and cell\u2013matrix adhesion, such as <jats:italic>ICAM1, CLDN1, CCN3, ITGA1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ITGA11<\/jats:italic>. Functional annotation showed that these gene sets control inflammatory pathways, immune cell trafficking, cell\u2013cell adhesion, interactions with the extracellular matrix and blood vessels, angiogenesis and epithelial\u2010to\u2010mesenchymal transitions. Our study provides insights into the transcriptional regulation of primary HCMs in response to inflammatory stimuli and identifies novel melanocyte\u2010driven mechanisms potentially involved in choroidal homeostasis and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T08:28:00Z","timestamp":1616401680000},"page":"928-945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The role of melanocytes in the human choroidal microenvironment and inflammation: Insights from the transcriptome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1379-9993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian V.","family":"Cioanca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh\u2010Lin (Stanley)","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of NSW Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Save Sight Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Natoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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