{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:59:51Z","timestamp":1792166391701,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human epidermal melanocytes play a central role in sensing the environment and protecting the skin from the drastic effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and other environmental toxins or inflammatory agents. Melanocytes survive in the epidermis for decades, which subjects them to chronic environmental insults. Melanocytes have a poor self\u2010renewal capacity; therefore, it is critical to ensure their survival with genomic stability. The function and survival of melanocytes is regulated by an elaborate network of paracrine factors synthesized mainly by epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. A symbiotic relationship exists between epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes on the one hand, and between melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts on the other hand. Melanocytes protect epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts from the damaging effects of solar radiation, and the latter cells synthesize biochemical mediators that maintain the homeostasis, and regulate the stress response of melanocytes. Disruption of the paracrine network results in pigmentary disorders, due to abnormal regulation of melanin synthesis, and compromise of melanocyte survival or genomic stability. This review provides an update of the current knowledge of keratinocyte\u2010 and fibroblast\u2010derived paracrine factors and their contribution to melanocyte physiology, and how their abnormal production is involved in the pathogenesis of common pigmentary disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T06:51:44Z","timestamp":1620715904000},"page":"762-776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Participation of keratinocyte\u2010 and fibroblast\u2010derived factors in melanocyte homeostasis, the response to UV, and pigmentary disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Parth R.","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2651-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zalfa A.","family":"Abdel\u2010Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159\u20108290.CD\u201020\u20100329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6448-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092\u20108674(94)90018\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00355a013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406334200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523\u20101747.ep12261712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.1994.tb08586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100749.1993.tb00612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147880"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100749.2006.00326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167\u20104889(96)00063\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100625.2009.00957.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.064774"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"1814","article-title":"An angiogenic role for the neurokines midkine and pleiotrophin in tumorigenesis","volume":"57","author":"Choudhuri R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12345608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409768200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.12.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.03.1148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"466","article-title":"Top dermatologic conditions in patients of color: An analysis of nationally representative data","volume":"11","author":"Davis S. 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