{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:16:28Z","timestamp":1792062988961,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Circadian regulation of skin pigmentation is essential for thermoregulation, ultraviolet (UV) protection, and synchronization of skin cell renewal. This regulation involves both cell\u2010autonomous photic responses and non\u2010cell\u2010autonomous hormonal control, particularly through melatonin produced in a light\u2010sensitive manner. Photosensitive opsins, cryptochromes, and melatonin regulate circadian rhythms in skin pigment cells. We studied light\/dark cycles and melatonin coordination in melanin synthesis and cell proliferation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    melanophores. In\u00a0vivo, tadpole pigmentation shows robust circadian regulation mainly hormone\u2010driven, in that isolated melanophores respond strongly to melatonin but only slightly to light. Melanophore proliferation is faster in the dark and slower with melatonin as compared to a 12\/12 light\/dark cycle. Expression of circadian core genes (\n                    <jats:italic>clock, bmal1, per1, per2, per3, cry1, cry2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>cry4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in melatonin\u2010treated cells during the light phase mimics dark phase expression. Overexpression of individual Crys did not affect melanization or cell proliferation, likely due to their cooperative actions. Melanin synthesis was inhibited by circadian cycle deregulation through (a) pharmacological inhibition of Cry1 and Cry2 degradation with KL001, (b) continuous light or dark conditions, and (c) melatonin treatment. Our findings suggest that circadian cycle regulation, rather than proliferative capacity, alters melanization of melanophores.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.13220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T05:25:22Z","timestamp":1737177922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Interplay of Light, Melatonin, and Circadian Genes in Skin Pigmentation Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-9513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel E.","family":"Bertolesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta 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