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For this reason, domestication could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the evolution of colour diversity. This raises the question of whether the associations between coat colour and other phenotypes in domestic animals are similar to those in free\u2010living animals. Our literature review of cows, goats and sheep suggests that these associations can differ not only between species but also within and between breeds. This pattern holds for all the traits that we considered: morphology, behaviour, physiology, reproduction, milk production and parasitism. The only consistent association we found in the literature was the attraction of flies towards dark\u2010coloured cows. The relationships between same colour morph, cortisol and thermoregulation varied across environments, suggesting a possible condition\u2010dependent expression of multiple traits. We conclude that artificial selection may lead to a different integration of multiple phenotypes compared to animals living in the wild. Therefore, colour variation may not always serve the same functional roles in domestic animals as it does in wild ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T07:06:58Z","timestamp":1747811218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Function of Melanin\u2010Based Colour Polymorphism in Cattle, Sheep and Goats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3966-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkatesh","family":"K.M.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Veterinary Practitioner  Pallipat Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1940-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Roulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Current Status of Distribution of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting Cattle in South Darfur State, Sudan","volume":"1","author":"Abdalla M. 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