{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:57:28Z","timestamp":1790650648382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Skin pigmentation relies on the coordinated regulation of melanin production and dendritic morphology to ensure effective pigment distribution. While staurosporine is widely used as a pro\u2010apoptotic agent in malignant cells, its effects on normal human melanocytes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of staurosporine on melanocyte biology and identified it as a potent inducer of non\u2010canonical melanocyte maturation at sub\u2010cytotoxic concentrations without stimulating melanocyte proliferation. In primary human melanocytes, staurosporine enhanced melanogenesis and promoted dendrite formation, elongation, and branching, resulting in acquisition of a mature melanocyte phenotype distinct from its apoptotic effects in melanoma cells. These phenotypic changes were accompanied by activation of \u03b2\u2010catenin signaling together with coordinated remodeling of Rho family protein expression and the actin cytoskeleton. Topical application of staurosporine increased physiological pigmentation in guinea pig skin without detectable inflammation or melanocyte proliferation. Furthermore, staurosporine accelerated repigmentation in a rhododendrol\u2010induced leukoderma model by promoting functional maturation of epidermal melanocytes and enhancing nuclear localization of \u03b2\u2010catenin. Collectively, our findings identify staurosporine as a non\u2010canonical regulator of melanocyte maturation and demonstrate that functional maturation, rather than proliferative expansion, is sufficient to enhance pigmentation under both physiological and depigmented conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:52:57Z","timestamp":1786686777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Staurosporine Drives Non\u2010Canonical Melanocyte Maturation by Coupling \u03b2\u2010Catenin Signaling to Actin\u2010Dependent Dendrite Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kangning","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1578-6221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Skin Beauty 3rd Research Laboratories, Research and Development Kao Corporation  Odawara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0796-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasutaka","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Skin Beauty 3rd Research Laboratories, Research and Development Kao Corporation  Odawara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6283-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tsuruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556\u2010021\u201000740\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1994.1093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626\u2010997\u20100128\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2013.33376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"The Epidermal Melanin Unit System","volume":"147","author":"Fitzpatrick T. B.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Dermatologische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306\u20103623(98)00069\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523\u20101747.ep12709595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.107.4.1611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.4.1385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010008\u20100705\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346\u20108138.15878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2012.44.9.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100749.1998.tb00708.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.114.096982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/edm.10.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471\u20104159.1995.65041505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012\u20101606(91)90444\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.39.615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041510210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u20100749.2003.00050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.1992.tb07807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.123729"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.48.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097\u20104644(199609)62:3<356::aid\u2010jcb6>3.0.co;2\u2010q"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u20108993(94)91771\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u20100749.2002.02056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523\u20101747.1998.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u2010291x(86)90008\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523\u20101747.ep12471536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010019\u201003049\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100749.2006.00313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.115.3.821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R700026200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0922\u20104106(92)90118\u2010f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010026\u201072064\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.187.3.2"}],"container-title":["Pigment Cell &amp; Melanoma Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcmr.70116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pcmr.70116","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcmr.70116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:07:17Z","timestamp":1790647637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pcmr.70116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pcmr.70116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcmr.70116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-1471","1755-148X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-1471","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-148X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70116"}}