{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:44:22Z","timestamp":1790660662821,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]],"date-time":"2013-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare emotion recognition patterns between patients with panic disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>) and healthy volunteers and to analyze the correlation between the degree of emotion recognition impairment and symptom severity in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> and 20 healthy controls were tested with a facial emotional expression recognition task involving four basic emotions (i.e. happiness, sadness, anger, and fear). Emotion recognition measures included the recognition threshold, response time, response time of correctly classified emotions (response time_crt), and recognition error. An average of all four emotions for each emotion recognition measure was compared between the two groups and then a comparison of recognition measures for each specific emotion was conducted. The correlations between severity of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tate\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>rait <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>nxiety <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nventory, Beck <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>epression <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nventory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDI<\/jats:styled-content>), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>anic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isorder <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>everity <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>cale with emotion recognition indices were also analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average recognition threshold was significantly higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> group compared to the control group. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> group, there was a non\u2010significant trend of increase in the emotion recognition threshold for fear and the response time for anger compared with the control group. In the correlation analysis, higher trait anxiety was associated with slower response time_crt for anger and a higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDI<\/jats:styled-content> score was associated with slower response times and response time_crt for happiness and anger.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that symptom severity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> might be associated with impairment in emotion processing of threat\u2010related facial expressions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]],"date-time":"2013-05-20T07:33:50Z","timestamp":1369035230000},"page":"245-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Symptom severity of panic disorder associated with impairment in emotion processing of threat\u2010related facial expressions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Sheng\u2010Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine  Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yura","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine  Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"Yeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine  Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae\u2010Kook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine  Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Sil","family":"Kweon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine  Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung Tai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine  Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung\u2010Uk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine  Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(94)90032-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.3.358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.1.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(96)00032-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(92)90116-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00042-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(94)00033-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.2.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69418-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00069-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)10028-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"552","article-title":"Development and its preliminary standardization of pictures of facial expressions for affective neurosciences","volume":"43","author":"Lee WH","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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