{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:09:40Z","timestamp":1790737780665,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,19]],"date-time":"2013-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enlarged pituitary gland has been reported in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal hyperactivity. The aim of the present study was to examine whether individuals at risk of psychosis also have similar changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the pituitary volume in 22 individuals with at\u2010risk mental state (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARMS<\/jats:styled-content>; 11 male, 11 female), 64 first\u2010episode patients with schizophrenia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FESz<\/jats:styled-content>; 37 male, 27 female), and 86 healthy controls. The control subjects were divided into age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched controls for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARMS<\/jats:styled-content> (11 male, 11 female) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FESz<\/jats:styled-content> (37 male, 27 female).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARMS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FESz<\/jats:styled-content> groups had a larger pituitary volume compared with matched controls, but no difference was found between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARMS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FESz<\/jats:styled-content> subjects. There was no association between the pituitary volume and clinical variables (symptommeasures at scanning, daily dosage or duration of antipsychotic medication) in either clinical group. The pituitary volume did not differ significantly between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARMS<\/jats:styled-content> individuals who later developed schizophrenia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) and those who did not (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917). The pituitary volume was larger in women than in men for all diagnostic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The finding of increased pituitary volume in both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARMS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FESz<\/jats:styled-content> subjects may reflect a common vulnerability to stress in early psychosis. Further work in a larger <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARMS<\/jats:styled-content> sample is required to examine the possible relationship between pituitary volume and emergence of psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T15:40:39Z","timestamp":1381246839000},"page":"540-548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Increased pituitary volume in subjects at risk for psychosis and patients with first\u2010episode schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama  Toyama Japan"},{"name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Japan Science and Technology Corporation  Tokyo 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