{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:58:04Z","timestamp":1792173484371,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to create a profile of the cognitive and academic abilities of juvenile delinquents (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JD<\/jats:styled-content>) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan using the newly validated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese version of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>aufman <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ssessment <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>attery for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hildren, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>econd <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>dition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KABC\u2010II\u2010J<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We administered the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KABC\u2010II\u2010J<\/jats:styled-content> to 22 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915.9 years, standard deviation [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>]\u2009=\u20091.4), 28 typically developing high school students (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916.0 years, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20090.08), and (as controls) 12 special education students (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916.9, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20090.83) with mild intellectual disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed significant differences between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JD<\/jats:styled-content> and typically developing students on learning index of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>rocess <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ndex, and the vocabulary, reading, writing, and mathematics indices on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>chievement <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ndex. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JD<\/jats:styled-content> had lower scores than did typically developing high school students. Fourteen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JD<\/jats:styled-content> had a 1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> discrepancy (43%) in scores on these indices. These cases were suspected of having learning disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KABC\u2010II\u2010J<\/jats:styled-content> is a suitable means of assessing academic and cognitive problems in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JD<\/jats:styled-content>; professionals working in the field of juvenile delinquency should recognize that offenders might have severe academic delays and learning disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T10:56:40Z","timestamp":1397645800000},"page":"768-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Measuring adjustment in <scp>J<\/scp>apanese juvenile delinquents with learning disabilities using <scp>J<\/scp>apanese version of <scp>K<\/scp>aufman <scp>A<\/scp>ssessment <scp>B<\/scp>attery for <scp>C<\/scp>hildren <scp>II<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kumagami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Human Service Rikkyo University  Saitama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Human Science University of Tsukuba  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"MurrayCA.The Link Between Learning Disabilities and Juvenile Delinquency: Current Theories and Knowledge:Executive Summary report to the National Institutes for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Law Enforcement Assistance Administration US Government Printing Office Washington DC 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948001300803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948401701006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948802100607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949803100402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949903200301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"Educating Exceptional Children","author":"Kirk SA","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.73.6.838"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.9.1252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128709336945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Psychological traits of youth in training school (reformatories): From the viewpoint of mild developmental disorders such as LD and AD\/HD","volume":"14","author":"Matsuura N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn. 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