{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:53:47Z","timestamp":1784840027889,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although previous reports have addressed worry and rumination as prominent cognitive processes in generalized anxiety disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAD<\/jats:styled-content>) and major depressive disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDD<\/jats:styled-content>) and their distinct correlation with anxious and depressive symptoms, the differential association of worry and rumination with the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDD<\/jats:styled-content> remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distinct features of worry and rumination in factor structure and their predictive validity for the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred and sixty\u2010eight patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009148) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009320) were enrolled and the diagnoses were confirmed with the Structured Clinical Interview for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM\u2010IV<\/jats:styled-content>. Participants completed the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Ruminative Response Scale and the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms was assessed via clinician ratings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In joint factor analysis using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Ruminative Response Scale items, worry and rumination emerged as distinct factors. In logistic regression analyses, worry contributed to a higher probability of the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAD<\/jats:styled-content> than rumination, as rumination did in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDD<\/jats:styled-content> than worry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first comprehensive study investigating the diagnostic utility of worry and rumination in a well\u2010defined clinical sample of both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDD<\/jats:styled-content>. Our results suggest that worry and rumination are distinct cognitive processes and play a differential role in the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDD<\/jats:styled-content>, distinguishing them at the cognitive level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T10:56:52Z","timestamp":1397645812000},"page":"712-720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Diagnostic utility of worry and rumination: A comparison between generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Min\u2010Jeong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin\u2010Na","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depression Center Department of Psychiatry Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bum\u2010Hee","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Jin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depression Center Department of Psychiatry Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Hae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"612","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12\u2010month DSM\u2010IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler RC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20491"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00246-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(83)90121-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90027-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2008.1.3.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005587311498"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014517718949"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:COTR.0000045563.66060.3e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I Disorders","author":"First MB","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0914"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15842\/kjcp.2010.29.1.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"Psychiatric Assessment Instruments","author":"Kim CY","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"456","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K\u2010HDRS)","volume":"44","author":"Yi JS","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Korean Neuropsychiatr. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","unstructured":"BrowneMW CudeckR TateneniK MelsG.CEFA: Comprehensive exploratory factor analysis version 3.03.2008[Computer software and manual]. [Cited 15 May 2014.] Available from URL:http:\/\/faculty.psy.ohio\u2010state.edu\/browne\/software.php"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"Multiple Factor Analysis","author":"Thurstone LL","year":"1947"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick BG","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291575"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00113-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-007-9146-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","volume-title":"Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression","author":"Wells A","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-007-9178-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.090282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70205-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)90140-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0065-1591.2000.acp29-02.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of pure and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder: A review and evaluation of recent research","volume":"102","author":"Kessler RC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2003.01158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.04.003"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpcn.12193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.12193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T20:36:07Z","timestamp":1696019767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pcn.12193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pcn.12193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12193","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-1316","1440-1819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-1316","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]}}}