{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T02:49:31Z","timestamp":1782442171573,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]],"date-time":"2014-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this cross\u2010sectional study was to examine the prevalence of psychological dependence on benzodiazepines in outpatients with panic disorder and elucidate demographic and clinical characteristics associated with this condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were eligible if they were outpatients in four clinics in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>okyo, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan, aged 18 years or older and met the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder according to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010. The subjects received the following assessments: the Severity of Dependence Scale, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese Version (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content>), the Self\u2010Report Version of Panic Disorder Severity Scale, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese Version (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDSS\u2010SR<\/jats:styled-content>), and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology\u2010Self Report, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese Version. The following information was also collected: age, sex, ethnicity, duration of illness, physical and psychiatric comorbidities, and details of prescribed psychotropic medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data from 51 outpatients showed that 31 patients (60.8%) showed psychological dependence (i.e. a total score of \u22655 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content>). The proportion of patients with dependence was significantly lower in remitted patients (i.e. a total score of \u22644 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDSS<\/jats:styled-content>) (44.1%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915\/34) than those who were not (94.1%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916\/17) (Pearson \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200911.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). A multiple regression analysis showed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDSS<\/jats:styled-content> scores showed a positive correlation with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content> total scores (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.60, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.30\u20130.90, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings emphasize the need for enhanced awareness about benzodiazepine dependence in patients and psychiatrists, as well as especially close attention to patients with panic disorder who present severe symptomatology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,19]],"date-time":"2014-05-19T04:56:38Z","timestamp":1400475398000},"page":"93-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dependence on benzodiazepines in patients with panic disorder: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Fujii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Azumabashi New Tower Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Program Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takefumi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Inokashira Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Mimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1614.2003.01254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients With Panic Disorder","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Generalised Anxiety Disorder in Adults: Management in Primary, Secondary and Community Care, National Clinical Guideline Number 113","author":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867411432074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2005.3292","article-title":"Sertraline and alprazolam in the treatment of panic desorder","volume":"5","author":"Fisekovic S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bosn. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2011000400015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370805301208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.154.6.839"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"110","volume-title":"F40\u2010F48 Neurotic, Stress\u2010Related and Somatoform Disorders","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1995.9056072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"A validation of the applicability of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) in a nationwide mental hospital survey on substance\u2010related psychiatric disorders","volume":"40","author":"Ozaki S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"The self\u2010report version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale: Reliability and validity of the Japanese Version","volume":"47","author":"Katagami M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Japanese J. Psychosomat. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"The development of Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology\u2010Self Report, Japanese version (QIDS\u2010SR\u2010J)","volume":"25","author":"Fujisawa D","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stress Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"2373","article-title":"Dose equivalents of psychotropic drugs, dose equivalents of psychotropic injection drugs","volume":"10","author":"Inagaki A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Japanese J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198610023151403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429621"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Benzodiazepine Dependence, Toxicity, and Abuse: A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Low\u2010dose dependence in chronic benzodiazepine users: A preliminary report on 119 patients","volume":"22","author":"Rickels K","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199812001-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2003.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199818060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Guidelines for the clinical use of benzodiazepines: Pharmacokinetics, dependency, rebound and withdrawal. Canadian Society for Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"6","author":"Nelson J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113503509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Side effects of treatment with benzodiazepines","volume":"22","author":"Uzun S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danubina"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(93)90045-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(91)90076-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199210000-00004"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpcn.12203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.12203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T16:25:58Z","timestamp":1695572758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pcn.12203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pcn.12203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12203","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-1316","1440-1819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-1316","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]]}}}