{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:15:21Z","timestamp":1790727321903,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oxidative stress is defined as exposure to excessive oxidants and\/or decrease in antioxidant capacity. Several studies have shown the effects of free radicals and antioxidant defense systems in bipolar disorder. We aimed to investigate the role of thioredoxin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRX<\/jats:styled-content>), which is a novel oxidative stress marker in patients with bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010eight hospitalized bipolar patients who were in manic episode were included in the study. As a control group, 30 healthy people were elected. Two groups were formed. The first group consisted of patients who were undergoing electroconvulsive treatment\u2009+\u2009antipsychotic treatment (haloperidol+quetiapine) and members of the other group were taking only antipsychotic treatment. Plasma thioredoxin levels were measured before and after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pretreatment plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRX<\/jats:styled-content> levels of patients were significantly lower than the controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Comparing pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRX<\/jats:styled-content> levels of all patients, post\u2010treatment plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRX<\/jats:styled-content> levels were significantly lower than the pre\u2010treatment plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRX<\/jats:styled-content> levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). When we compared <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRX<\/jats:styled-content> levels between the electroconvulsive treatment\u2009+\u2009antipsychotic treatment group and the antipsychotic treatment group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) and within groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) we did not find any statistically significant difference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oxidative balance is impaired in bipolar disorder manic episode in favor of the oxidants. Decreased plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRX<\/jats:styled-content> levels in the manic episode probably mean that antioxidant capacity is decreased in the bipolar disorder patients in the manic episode. Further studies in euthymic and depressive states are also needed to gain more insight into the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRX<\/jats:styled-content> in bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T08:37:51Z","timestamp":1412843871000},"page":"344-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Level of plasma thioredoxin in male patients with manic episode at initial and post\u2010electroconvulsive or antipsychotic treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Genc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Bak\u0131rkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tevfik","family":"Kalelioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Bak\u0131rkoy Mental 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Health Research and Training State Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Incir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cem","family":"Ilnem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Bak\u0131rkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Emul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University  Istanbul 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