{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:23:24Z","timestamp":1789565004895,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009648","name":"National Health Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolonged periods of instability in terms of living environment can lead to a serious increase in mental health issues among disaster\u2010affected individuals. The aim of this study was to assess long\u2010term trends in mental health among adult residents in a nuclear\u2010disaster\u2010affected area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mail\u2010based, self\u2010administered questionnaire surveys were conducted three times (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T1\u2013T3<\/jats:styled-content>), targeting all residents registered with the municipalities in the evacuation zone in Fukushima prefecture at the time of the disaster. Age\u2010adjusted prevalences of the following were analyzed by sex: risk of psychological distress by the Kessler 6\u2010item Scale, post\u2010traumatic stress by the <jats:bold>P<\/jats:bold>ost\u2010traumatic <jats:bold>S<\/jats:bold>tress <jats:bold>D<\/jats:bold>isorder Checklist, and problem drinking by CAGE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The numbers of respondents and response rates were: 73 568, 40.7% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T1<\/jats:styled-content>); 55 076, 29.9% (T2); and 46 386, 25.0% (T3). Compared with normal Japanese levels in non\u2010disaster settings (4.7%), the prevalence of general psychological distress by Kessler 6\u2010item Scale \u2265 13 was still high 3 years after the event in both men (11.4%) and women (15.8%). Although the age\u2010adjusted prevalence of psychological distress and post\u2010traumatic stress (<jats:bold>P<\/jats:bold>ost\u2010traumatic <jats:bold>S<\/jats:bold>tress <jats:bold>D<\/jats:bold>isorder Checklist \u2265 44) had decreased over time (from 19.0% [T1] to 17.8% [T3] for men, and from 25.3% [T1] to 23.3% [T3] for women), the age\u2010adjusted prevalence of problem drinking (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAGE<\/jats:styled-content> \u2265 2) remained steady in both men (20.7% [T2] and 20.4% [T3]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.18) and women (10.5% [T2] and 10.5% [T3]; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.91).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that long\u2010term interventions focused on post\u2010traumatic stress as well as other mental health problems are strongly needed for disaster\u2010affected individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T07:30:16Z","timestamp":1457767816000},"page":"245-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Three\u2010year trend survey of psychological distress, post\u2010traumatic stress, and problem drinking among residents in the evacuation zone after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident [The Fukushima Health Management Survey]"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Misari","family":"Oe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senta","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Disaster Psychiatry School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Disaster Psychiatry School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Harigane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itaru","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirooki","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Ohira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideto","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Yasumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey  Fukushima 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