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These core symptoms are continuously recognized throughout the day from childhood to adulthood. Furthermore, children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> from childhood to adulthood might also have various comorbid psychiatric disorders. Recently, bipolar disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, a new clinical issue, have been discussed as comorbid disorders or differential disorders associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>. Furthermore, comorbid disorders of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> are related to quality of life and family burden. Children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> have poorer long\u2010term outcomes than controls with respect to: academic achievement and attainment, occupational rank and job performance, risky sexual practices and early unwanted pregnancies, substance use, relationship difficulties, marital problems, traffic violations, and car accidents. Irritability of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> has been a key symptom that clinicians and researchers have used to evaluate the developmental condition of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> is sometimes a chronic disorder that occurs over a long period, increasing the family burden of these children (including health\u2010care costs), which will increase with aging for unremitted children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>. Therefore, clinicians should evaluate not only the mental condition of the child but also the family burden. Children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> should be treated during childhood to reduce their clinical symptoms and family burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T18:28:37Z","timestamp":1460312917000},"page":"303-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Functional consequences of attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder on children and their families"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Masahide","family":"Usami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2007.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-007-9019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Beyond the dual pathway model: Evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delay\u2010related impairments in attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"49","author":"Sonuga\u2010Barke E","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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