{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:18:04Z","timestamp":1787015884913,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["10334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"\n Aim<\/jats:title>\n Clozapine\u2010associated fever is common but the specific cytokine changes and treatment durations that may cause fever remain unknown. We investigated the association between inflammatory cytokine changes and clozapine\u2010induced fever in patients who were treated with clozapine.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty\u2010three patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, diagnosed by using the Chinese Version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, were treated with clozapine for the first time (first\u2010time use group,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 22) or for more than 6 months (long\u2010term use group,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 21). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, tympanic temperature, and levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (\n TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b1), interferon\u2010\u03b3 (\n INF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3), interleukin\u20102 (\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102), and interleukin\u20106 (\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106) were determined at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. A multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equation methods was used to analyze the association between the changes in the cytokine levels and clozapine\u2010induced fever in the different groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 level changes were significantly different between the two groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04). In the first\u2010time use group, the fever rate was increased (47.1%) compared with the long\u2010term use group (5.6%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005). Moreover, in these patients, the\n TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b1,\n INF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3,\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102, and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 levels were significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) different from patients who did not develop a fever. An interaction effect with the different treatment duration groups and fever development was only significant for\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients who were treated with clozapine for the first time have an increased rate of developing a fever, and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 might have a specific role in the interaction effect between treatment duration and fever development.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T12:52:29Z","timestamp":1484916749000},"page":"395-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Role of cytokine changes in clozapine\u2010induced fever: A cohort prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yuan\u2010Pin","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol S\u2010M.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of BioMedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Nan","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsun\u2010Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po See","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Addiction Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I Hui","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Addiction Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kao Chin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Addiction Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen Kuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Addiction Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou\u2010Liou Branch Yunlin Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru\u2010Band","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Addiction Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung 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