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The etiology of autism remains unclear. Animal, genetic, and post\u2010mortem studies suggest that an imbalance exists in the neuronal excitation and inhibition system in autism. The aim of this study was to determine whether alterations of the measured parameters in children with autism are significantly associated with the risk of a sensory dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The glutamine synthetase (GS), kidney\u2010type glutaminase (GLS1), and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody levels were analyzed in 38 autistic children and 33 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The obtained data demonstrated significant alterations in glutamate and glutamine cycle enzymes, as represented by GS and GLS1, respectively. While the glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies levels were remarkably increased, no significant difference was observed compared to the healthy control participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The obtained data indicate that GS and GLS1 are promising indicators of a neuronal excitation and inhibition system imbalance and that combined measured parameters are good predictive biomarkers of autism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T16:34:19Z","timestamp":1516638859000},"page":"362-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Understanding the roles of glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, and glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies in imbalanced excitatory\/inhibitory neurotransmission as etiological mechanisms of autism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Najat 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