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The investigation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for modified\u20102010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) fibromyalgia and major depressive disorder (MDD) is still in its infancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this double\u2010blind, randomized, sham\u2010control study, subjects diagnosed with ACR\u20102010 fibromyalgia and DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR MDD were recruited and received either active or sham interventions for 2\u2009weeks. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the 10\u2010cm visual analogue pain scale were evaluated at baseline, week 1, and week 2. Multivariable generalized estimating equations analysis was performed for the association between depression and pain scores at each checkpoint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty subjects were recruited. There was a significant difference over the 2\u2009weeks between the rTMS and sham stimulation groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029), but subgroup analyses were further performed due to significant interaction of group and HDRS on pain outcomes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020). The active group had significant improvement in pain at week 2 compared with week 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021), but the control group did not have any improvement in pain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.585). Of the mild\u2013moderate depression patients, the pain score in the active group was significantly lower than in the sham group at week 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and at week 2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). For the severe depression group, there was significantly lower pain over the 2 weeks in the active group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045) but the sham group had significantly relapsing pain at week 2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Left prefrontal rTMS has an analgesic effect in modified\u2010ACR 2010\u2010defined fibromyalgia and MDD patients. Further investigation is required, however, in order to determine how to regulate the different rTMS treatment protocols according to individual baseline depression severity in patients with MDD and fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T08:00:07Z","timestamp":1545897607000},"page":"187-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Analgesic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on modified 2010 criteria\u2010diagnosed fibromyalgia: Pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8334-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Ming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine 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