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Historically, the premorbid personality of patients with major depression in Japan was described as<jats:italic>Shuchaku\u2010kishitsu<\/jats:italic>[similar to Typus melancholicus], as proposed by Shimoda in the 1930s. Since around 2000, there have been increased reports in Japan of young adults with depression who have had premorbid personality differing from the traditional type. In 2005, Tarumi termed this novel condition \u2018dysthymic\u2010type depression,\u2019 and more recently the condition has been called<jats:italic>Shin\u2010gata<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Gendai\u2010gata Utsu\u2010byo<\/jats:italic>[modern\u2010type depression (MTD)]. We recently developed a semi\u2010structured diagnostic interview to evaluate MTD. Development of a tool that enables understanding of premorbid personality in a short time, especially at the early stage of treatment, is desirable. The object of this study was to develop a self\u2010report scale to evaluate the traits of MTD, and to assess the scale's psychometric properties, diagnostic accuracy, and biological validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample of 340 participants from clinical and community settings completed measures. Psychometric properties were assessed with factor analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of the MTD traits was compared against a semi\u2010structured interview.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The questionnaire contained 22 items across three subscales, thus we termed it the 22\u2010item Tarumi's Modern\u2010Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self\u2010Esteem (TACS\u201022). Internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability, and convergent validity were all satisfactory. Among patients with major depression, the area under the curve was 0.757 (sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 82.9%) and the score was positively correlated with plasma tryptophan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TACS\u201022 possessed adequate psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy in an initial sample of Japanese adults. Additional research on its ability to support clinical assessment of MTD is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T06:48:03Z","timestamp":1553237283000},"page":"448-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Development and validation of the 22\u2010item Tarumi's Modern\u2010Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self\u2010Esteem (TACS\u201022)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro A.","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Katsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Sato\u2010Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuki","family":"Kuwano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wakako","family":"Umene\u2010Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Tateno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokiwa Child Development Center Tokiwa Hospital Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Setoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongchon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Watabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Monash University Bandar Sunway Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2393-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan R.","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Portland Health Care System HSR&amp;D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care Portland USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Oregon Health &amp; 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