{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:17:43Z","timestamp":1789777063671,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine treatment\u2010related neurochemical changes in 28 unmedicated obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) patients using <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included subjects diagnosed with OCD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200928), each with a total duration of illness of less than 5\u2009years, as a study group and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200926). The inclusion criteria for the OCD group were right\u2010handed individuals aged 18\u2009years or older who had not been on any specific treatment for OCD for the last at least 8\u2009weeks and who had no other psychiatric comorbidity. A pre\u2013post and case\u2013control design was employed in which OCD patients underwent <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS at baseline and 12\u2009weeks after treatment with escitalopram (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200921). Clinical assessment was carried out using a semi\u2010structured <jats:italic>pro forma<\/jats:italic> Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale 2.0 before and after treatment. Volume\u2010localized <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS was carried out with a 3\u2010Tesla Philips MR scanner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggested higher levels of myoinositol (mI), total choline (tCho), and glutamate+glutamine (Glx) in the medial thalamus at pre\u2010assessment in OCD subjects as compared to healthy controls and a significant reduction in tCho and Glx after treatment in OCD subjects. The mI levels in the caudate nucleus and Glx levels in the anterior cingulate cortex were significantly correlated with disease severity on the Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study supports the hypothesis of a hyper\u2010glutaminergic state (as suggested by increased Glx levels) and neurodegeneration (as suggested by increased tCho and mI in the thalamus) in cortico\u2010striato\u2010thalamocortical circuitry in OCD patients as suggested by previous studies using MRS as well as other functional imaging studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T01:55:35Z","timestamp":1555034135000},"page":"386-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Brain neurochemistry in unmedicated obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder patients and effects of 12\u2010week escitalopram treatment: <sup>1<\/sup>H\u2010magnetic resonance spectroscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0487-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpit","family":"Parmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratap","family":"Sharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir Kumar","family":"Khandelwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Holy Family Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khushbu","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NMR and MRI Facility All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NMR and MRI Facility All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naranamanglam Raghunathan","family":"Jagannathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NMR and MRI Facility All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.191395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Reduced dopamine blockade in the basal ganglia in obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder","volume":"54","author":"Brasic J","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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