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Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>hikikomori<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010like cases have recently been reported in many other countries.\n                    <jats:italic>Hikikomori<\/jats:italic>\n                    negatively influences not only the individual's mental health and social participation, but also wider education and workforce stability, and as such is a novel urgent global issue. In this review, we introduce the history, definition, diagnostic evaluation, and interventions for\n                    <jats:italic>hikikomori<\/jats:italic>\n                    and also the international prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>hikikomori<\/jats:italic>\n                    outside Japan. We propose a hypothesis regarding the globalization of\n                    <jats:italic>hikikomori<\/jats:italic>\n                    based on domestic and international perspectives. In addition, we introduce our latest assessment system for\n                    <jats:italic>hikikomori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (including the latest version of the \u2018proposed diagnostic criteria of\n                    <jats:italic>hikikomori<\/jats:italic>\n                    for the future DSM\/ICD diagnostic systems\u2019) and propose therapeutic strategies, including family approaches and individualized therapies. Finally, we present future challenges that may lead to solutions for an internationalized\n                    <jats:italic>hikikomori<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T04:48:31Z","timestamp":1559278111000},"page":"427-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":309,"title":["<i>Hikikomori<\/i>\n                    \u200a: Multidimensional understanding, assessment, and future international perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro A.","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigenobu","family":"Kanba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Portland Health Care System, HSR&amp;D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care  Portland USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Oregon Health &amp; Science University and Portland State University  Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"SaitoT.Shakaiteki Hikikomori\u2010Owaranai Shishunki [Social Withdrawal: A Never\u2010ending Adolescence]. 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