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However, it remains unknown whether patients with schizotypal disorder exhibit similar changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification in 46 patients with schizotypal disorder (29 male, 17 female), 101 patients with schizophrenia (55 male, 46 female), and 77 healthy controls (44 male, 33 female). T1\u2010weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained for each participant. Using FreeSurfer software, the local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder patients showed a significantly higher LGI in diverse cortical regions, including the bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortices, as compared with controls, but its extent was broader in schizophrenia especially for the right prefrontal and left occipital regions. No significant correlations were found between the LGI and clinical variables (e.g., symptom severity, medication) for either of the patient groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased LGI in the frontoparietal regions was common to both patient groups and might represent vulnerability to schizophrenia, while more diverse changes in schizophrenia patients might be associated with the manifestation of florid psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T11:58:37Z","timestamp":1570622317000},"page":"70-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Increased brain gyrification in the schizophrenia spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-7438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiki","family":"Sasabayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Takayanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8623-9829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyotaka","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Furuichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikio","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihoko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyo","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"The ICD\u201010 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810190034005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.10.1280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/5.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"The significance of foliation and fissuration of cerebellar cortex. 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