{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:42:27Z","timestamp":1790685747608,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009497","name":"African Population and Health Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AOM06022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AOM06022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009497","name":"African Population and Health Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AOM09122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AOM09122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tryptophan is the sole precursor of both peripherally and centrally produced serotonin and kynurenine. In depressed patients, tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolite levels remain unclear. Therefore, peripheral tryptophan and metabolites of serotonin and kynurenine were investigated extensively in 173 patients suffering from a current major depressive episode (MDE) and compared to 214 healthy controls (HC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fasting plasma levels of 11 peripheral metabolites were quantified: tryptophan, serotonin pathway (serotonin, its precursor 5\u2010hydroxytryptophan and its metabolite 5\u2010hydroxyindoleacetic acid), and kynurenine pathway (kynurenine and six of its metabolites: anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, nicotinamide, picolinic acid, xanthurenic acid, and 3\u2010hydroxyanthranilic acid).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty (34.7%) patients were antidepressant\u2010drug free. Tryptophan levels did not differ between MDE patients and HC. Serotonin and its precursor (5\u2010hydroxytryptophan) levels were lower in MDE patients than in HC, whereas, its metabolite (5\u2010hydroxyindoleacetic acid) levels were within the standard range. Kynurenine and four of its metabolites (kynurenic acid, nicotinamide, picolinic acid, and xanthurenic acid) were lower in MDE patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whilst the results of this study demonstrate an association between the metabolites studied and depression, conclusions about causality cannot be made. This study uses the largest ever sample of MDE patients, with an extensive assessment of peripheral tryptophan metabolism in plasma. These findings provide new insights into the peripheral signature of MDE. The reasons for these changes should be further investigated. These results might suggest new antidepressant therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T06:24:10Z","timestamp":1570688650000},"page":"112-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Peripheral tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolites in major depression: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2549-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Colle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR\u20101178, CESP, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2010Sud Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Service Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris\u2010Sud, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perrine","family":"Masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacokinetics Center Technologie Servier  Orl\u00e9ans France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Verstuyft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR\u20101178, CESP, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2010Sud Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique mol\u00e9culaire, Pharmacog\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris\u2010Sud, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"F\u00e8ve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'endocrinologie, H\u00f4pital Saint\u2010Antoine, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM UMR S_938, Centre de Recherche Saint\u2010Antoine  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwan","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacokinetics Center Technologie Servier  Orl\u00e9ans France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Boursier\u2010Neyret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacokinetics Center Technologie Servier  Orl\u00e9ans France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacokinetics Center Technologie Servier  Orl\u00e9ans France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis J.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR\u20101178, CESP, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2010Sud Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Boniface","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR\u20101178, CESP, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2010Sud Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Falissard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR\u20101178, CESP, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2010Sud Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biostatistiques Paris\u2010Sud University, H\u00f4pital Paul Brousse, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Chanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, F\u201094275, and INSERM 1185, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2010Sud Paris\u2010Sud University, Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Corruble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR\u20101178, CESP, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2010Sud Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Service Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris\u2010Sud, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Becquemont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR\u20101178, CESP, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2010Sud Paris\u2010Saclay University  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Service de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique mol\u00e9culaire, Pharmacog\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris\u2010Sud, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre  Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Depression.2017. [Cited 22 March 2018.] Available from URL:https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/IJTR.S2129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(87)90056-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1997)5:2<108::AID-DA8>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90019-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH03-05-0330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"633","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3\u2010dioxygenase and immune changes under antidepressive treatment in major depression in females","volume":"28","author":"Zoga M","year":"2014","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31820dfede"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13r08908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf9794"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0933-3657(02)00084-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"A comparison of parameters below the limit of detection in geochemical analyses by substitution methods","volume":"58","author":"Verbov\u0161ek T","year":"2011","journal-title":"RMZ \u2010 Mater. Geoenviron."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.12.1533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2034-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00323-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000119064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90082-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(97)00412-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.1994.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb07377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2008.05077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.163824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90184-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.06.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Overview of the role of vitamins and minerals on the kynurenine pathway in health and disease","volume":"67","author":"Majewski M","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0414-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90438-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3793"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.12944","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pcn.12944","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.12944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T05:00:23Z","timestamp":1693976423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pcn.12944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pcn.12944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12944","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-1316","1440-1819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-1316","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}