{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T23:48:57Z","timestamp":1779925737112,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title><jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic><\/jats:title><jats:p>A tic\u2010related specifier is included in the DSM\u20105 diagnostic criteria to identify a clinically specific obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) subtype. The current study sought to evaluate hemodynamic changes during executive function tasks among OCD patients with and without a lifetime history of tic disorder (TD) and healthy controls, and to investigate the relation between brain activation and clinical variables in each group using structured equation modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic><\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine OCD patients diagnosed according to the DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of a lifetime history of TD (TD+, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 11; TD\u2212, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18). Prefrontal hemodynamic changes were measured using multi\u2010channel near\u2010infrared spectroscopy during the Verbal Fluency Task, Trail\u2010Making Task, and Tower of London (ToL) Task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic><\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant brain activation differences in the frontopolar cortex between OCD patients with and without TD during Verbal Fluency Task and ToL performance. Brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the ToL Task in OCD patients with TD exerted a direct causal effect on the severity of compulsions. In addition, we detected a direct causal effect of the severity of obsessions in OCD patients without TD on brain activation in the DLPFC during the ToL Task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic><\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain activation in the frontopolar cortex exhibits different hemodynamics depending on the task, and DLPFC function may play a different role in the neural basis of developing OCD symptoms between OCD patients with and without TD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T09:28:13Z","timestamp":1612603693000},"page":"191-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of hemodynamic changes using near\u2010infrared spectroscopy in patients with tic\u2010related obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3602-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Mukai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Hyogo College of Medicine  Nishinomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7070-1863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Mie University  Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Hyogo College of Medicine  Nishinomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Hyogo College of Medicine  Nishinomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Yamanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Hyogo College of Medicine  Nishinomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensei","family":"Maebayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Hyogo College of Medicine  Nishinomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Hayashida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Hyogo College of Medicine  Nishinomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3724-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisato","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Hyogo College of Medicine  Nishinomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000297870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00271-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852912000491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.5.675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0317-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.8.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Quetiapine augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment\u2010refractory obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder: Is response to treatment predictable?","volume":"27","author":"Carey PD","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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