{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:08:35Z","timestamp":1791518915986,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with anxiety disorders (AD) have been found to have lower heart rate variability (HRV) than healthy individuals in some studies, but this was inconsistent. Furthermore, the influence of distinct diagnoses, study design, and demographic factors on the results was not comprehensively examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We gathered studies comparing HRV in patients with AD and in healthy controls. The parasympathetic activity in the hierarchical order principle was adopted in the main analysis. We adopted the random effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 7805 screened studies, 99 were included in the quantitative analysis, with a total of 4897 AD patients and 5559 controls finally entered the meta\u2010analysis. AD patients had a significantly lower resting\u2010state HRV for parasympathetic activity compared to control (Hedges' g\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.3897). For the diagnostic subgroup analysis relative to the controls, resting\u2010state HRV was significantly lower in post\u2010traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder patients. HRV reactivity (all reactivity data, data on physiological challenge, and psychological challenge) did not show significant inter\u2010group differences between AD patients and healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results supported that patients with AD had significantly lower resting\u2010state HRV than the healthy population, but no alterations were found for HRV reactivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T16:08:45Z","timestamp":1648397325000},"page":"292-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Heart rate variability in patients with anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5329-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying\u2010Chih","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital China Medical University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health, National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Big Data and Meta\u2010analysis, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010I","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taitung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Tri\u2010Service General Hospital Songshan Branch National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Big Data and Meta\u2010analysis, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5786-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010Lieh","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch  Yunlin Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Cerebellar Research Center National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch  Yunlin Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00359-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"100024","article-title":"Treatment response biomarkers in anxiety disorders: From neuroimaging to neuronally\u2010derived extracellular vesicles and beyond. 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