{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T08:02:14Z","timestamp":1783152134958,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 has had significant mental health impacts internationally and anxiety rates are estimated to have tripled during the pandemic, but the specific causes remain underexplored. This study's purpose was to investigate the associations of sociodemographic factors, COVID\u201019\u2010related policies, and COVID\u201019 case\/mortality rates with levels of anxiety among Canadians during the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used linear regression models populated with three integrated sources of data: a repeated cross\u2010sectional survey (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07008), Oxford COVID\u201019 Government Response Tracker data, and COVID\u201019 case\/mortality rates. Sociodemographic factors included were age, gender, race, province, income, education, rurality, household composition, and factors related to employment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Local COVID\u201019 case and mortality rates and stay\u2010at\u2010home orders were positively associated with anxiety symptom severity. Anxiety was most severe among those who: were female, Indigenous, or Middle Eastern; had postsecondary education; lived with others; and became unemployed or had working hours altered during the pandemic. Anxiety was less severe among: older adults; male, Caucasians, and black individuals; those with high incomes, and; those for whom employment did not change during the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety was primarily driven by socioeconomic factors among Canadians during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Policies that alleviate socioeconomic uncertainty for groups that are most vulnerable may reduce the long\u2010term harm of the pandemic and associated lockdown policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T10:19:46Z","timestamp":1655374786000},"page":"468-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The impact of provincial lockdown policies and <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 case and mortality rates on anxiety in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8457-7218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna","family":"Plett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Pechlivanoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Coyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00194662211013218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.14783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Understanding the perceived mental health of Canadians during the COVID\u201019 pandemic","volume":"31","author":"Findlay LC","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79139-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30134-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18775\/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.61.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Promoting mental health: concepts emerging evidence practice Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization;2005[cited 15 April 2021]. 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