{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:04:33Z","timestamp":1792677873552,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016342","name":"Ministry of Health Mexico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21GC1016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21GC1016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study aimed to examine the effect of Japanese policies for appropriate hypnotics use and novel hypnotics (e.g. melatonin receptor agonist and orexin receptor antagonist [ORA]) on long\u2010term prescriptions of hypnotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study was conducted using a large\u2010scale health insurance claims database. Among subscribers prescribed hypnotics at least once between April 2005 and March 2021, those prescribed hypnotics for the first time after being included in the database in three periods (period 1: April 2012\u2013March 2013; period 2: April 2016\u2013March 2017; and period 3: April 2018\u2013March 2019) were eligible. These were set considering the timing of the 2014 and 2018 medical fee revisions (2014 for polypharmacy of three or more hypnotics, 2018 for long\u2010term prescription of benzodiazepine receptor agonists for &gt;12\u00a0months). The duration of consecutive prescriptions of hypnotics over 12\u00a0months was evaluated. Factors associated with short\u2010term prescriptions of hypnotics were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 186\u2009535 participants were newly prescribed hypnotics. The mean duration of prescriptions was 2.9\u2009months, and 9.3% of participants were prescribed hypnotics for 12\u00a0months. Prescription periods were not associated with short\u2010term prescriptions of hypnotics. ORA use was associated with short\u2010term prescriptions of hypnotics (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.077 [95% confidence interval, 1.035\u20131.120]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but melatonin receptor agonist use was not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Japanese policies had no statistically significant effect on long\u2010term prescriptions of hypnotics. Although this study suggests initiating ORA for insomniacs as a candidate strategy to prevent long\u2010term prescriptions of hypnotics, further research is necessary to draw conclusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T10:29:34Z","timestamp":1672309774000},"page":"264-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of Japanese policies and novel hypnotics on long\u2010term prescriptions of hypnotics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0614-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Akita University Graduate School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Akita University Graduate School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minori","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences Tokyo University of Technology  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Ogasawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Akita University Graduate School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Akita University Graduate School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Akita University Graduate School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Ayabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regional Studies and Humanities, Faculty of Education and Human Studies Akita University  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9169-3249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Takaesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine University of the Ryukyus  Okinawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1182-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Akita University Graduate School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6470"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Practice Guidelines for Appropriate Use and Discontinuation of Hypnotics","author":"Mishima K","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119855343"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18782"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.775144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx167"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11533170-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-013-0294-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-018-2531-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2019.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18m12149"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence.Guidance on the use of zaleplon zolpidem and zopiclone for the short\u2010term management of insomnia. 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