{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T13:23:11Z","timestamp":1781270591182,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy of a novel neurofeedback (NF) method, targeting limbic activity, to treat emotional dysregulation related to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We applied a NF probe targeting limbic activity using a functional magnetic resonance imaging\u2010inspired electroencephalogram model (termed Amyg\u2010EFP\u2010NF) in a double\u2010blind randomized controlled trial. A frontal alpha asymmetry probe (AAS\u2010NF), served as active control. Twenty\u2010seven participants diagnosed with PMDD (mean age\u2009= 33.57\u2009years, SD\u2009=\u20095.67) were randomly assigned to Amyg\u2010EFP\u2010NF or AAS\u2010NF interventions with a 2:1 ratio, respectively. The treatment protocol consisted of 11 NF sessions through three menstrual cycles, and a follow\u2010up assessment 3\u2009months thereafter. The primary outcome measure was improvement in the Revised Observer Version of the Premenstrual Tension Syndrome Rating Scale (PMTS\u2010OR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant group by time effect was observed for the core symptom subscale of the PMTS\u2010OR, with significant improvement observed at follow\u2010up for the Amyg\u2010EFP group compared with the AAS group [<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1, 15)=4.968, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042]. This finding was specifically robust for reduction in anger [<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1, 15)\u2009=\u200922.254, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20090.001]. A significant correlation was found between learning scores and overall improvement in core symptoms (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.514, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042) suggesting an association between mechanism of change and clinical improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our preliminary findings suggest that Amyg\u2010EFP\u2010NF may serve as an affordable and accessible non\u2010invasive treatment option for emotional dysregulation in women suffering from PMDD. Our main limitations were the relatively small number of participants and the lack of a sham\u2010NF placebo arm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T01:49:54Z","timestamp":1687657794000},"page":"550-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Limbic <scp>self\u2010neuromodulation<\/scp> as a novel treatment option for emotional dysregulation in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (<scp>PMDD<\/scp>); a <scp>proof\u2010of\u2010concept<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3568-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oren","family":"Tene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Sagol Brain Institute, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of 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