{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:15:03Z","timestamp":1792462503866,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102021M3E5D9025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102021M3E5D9025022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000209077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000209077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102019R1A2C1084611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102019R1A2C1084611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study examined the microbiome abundance and composition of drug\u2010naive or drug\u2010free patients with obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls. In addition, in the OCD group, the microbiome composition was compared between early\u2010onset and late\u2010onset OCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum samples were collected from 89 patients with OCD and 107 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls. Bacterial DNA was isolated from bacteria\u2010derived extracellular vesicles in serum and then amplified and quantified using primers specific to the V3\u2010V4 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The 16S ribosomal DNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pooled estimate showed that \u03b1\u2010diversity was significantly reduced in patients with OCD compared with that in healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>Shannon<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00015). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed in \u03b2\u2010diversity between patients with OCD and healthy controls at the order (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012), family (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), genus (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and species (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) levels. In the microbiome composition,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Caulobacteraceae (f)<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Novosphingobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Enhydrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      at the genus level were significantly less prevalent in patients with OCD than in controls. In addition, among patients with OCD, the microbial composition in the early\u2010onset versus late\u2010onset types was significantly different with respect to the genera\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pelomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study showed an aberrant microbiome in patients with OCD, suggesting a role of the microbiota\u2010brain interaction in the pathophysiology of OCD. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes adjusting for various confounders are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T04:48:37Z","timestamp":1693370917000},"page":"646-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Microbiome analysis of circulating bacterial extracellular vesicles in obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2818-7183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee In","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9864-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Ho","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine  Wonju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun Il","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3667-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon\u2010Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Healthcare  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Kyu","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Healthcare  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol\u2010O","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Healthcare  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumoa","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Science in 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