{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:01:11Z","timestamp":1789668071912,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM19\/00190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM19\/00190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP20\/00165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP20\/00165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII19\/00009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII19\/00009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/01934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013276","name":"Interreg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EFA345\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFA345\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gut microbiota can influence human behavior. However, due to the massive multiple\u2010testing problem, research into the relationship between microbiome ecosystems and the human brain faces drawbacks. This problem arises when attempting to correlate thousands of gut bacteria with thousands of brain voxels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans on 133 participants and applied machine\u2010learning algorithms (Ridge regressions) combined with permutation tests. Using this approach, we were able to correlate specific gut bacterial families with brain MRI signals, circumventing the difficulties of massive multiple testing while considering sex, age, and body mass index as confounding factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relative abundance (RA) of the <jats:italic>Selenomonadaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridiaceae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Veillonellaceae<\/jats:italic> families in the gut was associated with altered cerebellar, visual, and frontal T2\u2010mapping and diffusion tensor imaging measures. Conversely, decreased relative abundance of the <jats:italic>Eubacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> family was also linked to T2\u2010mapping values in the cerebellum. Significantly, the brain regions associated with the gut microbiome were also correlated with depressive symptoms and attentional deficits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analytical strategy offers a promising approach for identifying potential brain biomarkers influenced by gut microbiota. By gathering a deeper understanding of the microbiota\u2010brain connection, we can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms and potentially develop targeted interventions to mitigate the detrimental effects of dysbiosis on brain function and mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T13:08:57Z","timestamp":1709212137000},"page":"339-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Unraveling the gut\u2010brain connection: The association of microbiota\u2010linked structural brain biomarkers with behavior and mental health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oren","family":"Contreras\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology\u2010Medical Imaging (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Bellaterra Spain"},{"name":"Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBERSAM  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology\u2010Medical Imaging (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Biarn\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology\u2010Medical Imaging (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department CDI Hospital Clinic of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Arnoriaga\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CB06\/03\/0010)  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e0udia","family":"Coll\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Gich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Rami\u00f3\u2010Torrent\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Motger\u2010Albert\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CB06\/03\/0010)  Girona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Girona  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Brocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics and Health Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO\u2010Public Health)  Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"CIBEResp  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2867-1119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics and Health Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO\u2010Public Health)  Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"CIBEResp  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC\u2010UVEG), The University of Valencia  Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Radua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBERSAM  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Imaging of Mood\u2010 and Anxiety\u2010Related Disorders (IMARD) Group Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7442-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital  Girona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CB06\/03\/0010)  Girona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Girona  Girona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00883"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5161-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.11.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-008-0463-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15141869"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.032714"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/15\/5587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","volume-title":"Manual","author":"Golden C","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","volume-title":"Trail making test: manual for administration and scoring","author":"Reitan RM","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"WeschlerD.Escala de inteligencia de Weschler para adultos\u2010IV. Manual t\u00e9cnico y interpretaci\u00f3n (NCS Pearson) 212AD."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Ridge regression: biased estimation for nonorthogonal problems","volume":"12","author":"Hoerl AE","year":"1970","journal-title":"Dent. Tech."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v044.i06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"WestonS CorporationM.doParallel: foreach parallel adaptor for the parallel package. R package version 1.0.11.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"CuleE MoritzS.ridge: ridge regression with automatic selection of the penalty parameter. R package version 2.4.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0321-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.13442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0260-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0022-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9020052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.885393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.05.009"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.13655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T08:35:41Z","timestamp":1717403741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pcn.13655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pcn.13655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.13655","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-1316","1440-1819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-1316","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}