{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:17:53Z","timestamp":1778606273329,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to explore the relationships between serum cortisol levels, personality traits, and the development of Post\u2010Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) over 2\u2009years among individuals with physical injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were consecutively recruited from a trauma center and followed prospectively for 2\u2009years. At baseline, serum cortisol levels were measured, and personality traits were categorized into five dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness), using the Big Five Inventory\u201010. The diagnosis of PTSD during follow\u2010up (at 3, 6, 12, and 24\u2009months post\u2010injury) was determined using the Clinician\u2010Administered PTSD Scale for DSM\u20105. Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the interactions between cortisol levels, personality traits, and PTSD development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 923 patients analyzed, 112 (12.1%) were diagnosed with PTSD at some point during the study period, with prevalence rates decreasing from 8.8% at 3\u2009months to 3.7% at 24\u2009months post\u2010injury. Direct associations between cortisol levels or personality traits and PTSD were not observed. However, a significant interaction between lower cortisol levels and higher Neuroticism in relation to PTSD risk was identified, especially during the early follow\u2010up periods (3 to 6\u2009months), but this association waned from the 12\u2010month follow\u2010up onward.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings reveal Neuroticism\u2010dependent associations between serum cortisol levels and PTSD development, exhibiting temporal variations. These results suggest that PTSD development may be influenced by a complex, time\u2010sensitive interplay of biological and psychosocial factors, underscoring the importance of considering individual differences in stress reactivity and personality in PTSD research and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T10:47:12Z","timestamp":1723027632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum cortisol and neuroticism for post\u2010traumatic stress disorder over 2\u2009years in patients with physical injuries"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7409-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae\u2010Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Chonnam National University Medical School  Gwangju 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