{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T02:07:41Z","timestamp":1769738861103,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence suggests an association between maternal hypothyroidism and risk of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. We examined the risk of ASD and ADHD in individuals with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nationwide population\u2010based cohort study enrolled a total of 1260 children younger than 12\u2009years with a confirmed diagnosis of CHT and no prior diagnosis of any neurodevelopmental disorders, selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 1998 to 2013. In addition, 12,600 controls matched for sex, age, and residence were selected. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to investigate the association among CHT, ASD, and ADHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with CHT were associated with a higher incidence of ASD (7.1\u2030 vs 1.3\u2030, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and ADHD (39.7\u2030 vs 18.7\u2030, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than the control group. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that children with CHT were associated with elevated risks of ASD (hazard ratio [HR], 4.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08\u201310.70]) and ADHD (HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.49\u20132.77]), after adjusting for demographic data and family history of major psychiatric disorders, compared with the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with CHT were associated with approximately a two\u2010fold increased risk of ADHD and a four\u2010fold increased risk of ASD than the control group. Our study highlights the need for future research to elucidate the potential pathophysiology among CHD, ASD, and ADHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T11:29:16Z","timestamp":1725967756000},"page":"721-725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Congenital hypothyroidism and risk of subsequent autism spectrum disorder and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Hung\u2010Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Beitou Branch, Tri\u2010Service General Hospital  Taipei 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and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Cheng Hsin General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3779-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u2010Mei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4136-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tien\u2010Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry E\u2010DA Dachang Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry I\u2010Shou University  Kaohsiung 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