{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:57:31Z","timestamp":1787241451696,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic with demonstrated preliminary clinical efficacy in a range of psychiatric disorders. Evaluating the impact of psilocybin on cognitive function is essential to unravel its potential benefits and risks. In this systematic review, we assessed psilocybin's effect on cognitive function through a comprehensive search of electronic databases from inception to January 2024, identifying 20 articles involving 2,959 participants. While 85% of studies were conducted in healthy volunteers, most of these studies (85%) used macrodoses, ranging from 45\u2009\u03bcg\/kg to 30\u2009mg\/70\u2009kg. Various cognitive aspects were evaluated and yielded mixed results. Global cognitive function, and processing speed remained mostly unchanged in healthy individuals; However, a limited number of studies reported improvements in certain areas such as sustained attention, working memory, and executive function especially in patients with treatment\u2010resistant depression (TRD). Emotional processing was positively modified, particularly in TRD patients. Psilocybin was observed to enhance emotional empathy without significantly altering cognitive empathy and social cognition. Cognitive flexibility and creative cognition were noted to initially decline but could potentially improve\u00a0over time. Additionally, with respect to learning and memory skills, psilocybin showed promise in improving specific memory types such as semantic associations and associative learning, while its effects on episodic and verbal memory have been less pronounced compared to other cognitive enhancers. The observed mixed findings underscore the complexity of psilocybin's cognitive influence. Further research is essential to provide a clearer understanding of psilocybin's impact on cognitive domains and to guide the development of safe and effective interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:44:33Z","timestamp":1727829873000},"page":"744-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Impact of psilocybin on cognitive function: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Shakila","family":"Meshkat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Psychiatry Program St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triana Juliana","family":"Tello\u2010Gerez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Psychiatry Program St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Gholaminezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Psychiatry Program St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin T.","family":"Dunkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Mental Health Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy C.","family":"Reichelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Erritzoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Vermetten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Greenshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Burback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Jetly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Royal Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah M.","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8768-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkat","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Psychiatry Program St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Program St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1355621021000005937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30065-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02159243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.19590420518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Medicinal Use of Psilocybin: Reducing Restrictions on Treatment and Research","author":"Rucker J","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Sacred Mushroom of Visions: Teonan\u00e1catl: A Sourcebook on the Psilocybin Mushroom","author":"Passie T"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Psilocybin as a treatment for psychiatric illness: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"14","author":"Irizarry R","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119895520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811241249436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.31613"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4283427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2016-0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-37"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"HigginsJ Savovi\u0107J PageMJ ElbersRG SterneJ.Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. Cochrane Training [Internet]. [Cited June 25 2024.] Available from URL:https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01706-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4754-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4981-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1640-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0542-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211064720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881106065859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02039-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211050556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892905774597191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(196807)24:3<316::AID-JCLP2270240310>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000063672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2023.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01335-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1199642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00418-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167817706884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.645246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110382466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2017_478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2015.00225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1384-23.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07403-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3007-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1119598109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020835"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","first-page":"2983","article-title":"Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity","volume":"136","author":"Du Y","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2020-0094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4026-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.06.059"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.13741","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T01:36:39Z","timestamp":1733189799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pcn.13741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pcn.13741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.13741","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-1316","1440-1819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-1316","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}