{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:36:02Z","timestamp":1792226162099,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuroinflammation is an important causal factor for a variety of psychiatric disorders. We previously reported increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin\u20106 levels in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The present study aimed to examine the possible association of interleukin\u20106 levels with anxiety and frustration, negative valence symptoms shared in various psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 129 patients with psychiatric disorders and 70 controls. CSF and plasma interleukin\u20106 levels were measured by immunoassay kits, and psychological symptoms were assessed with the State\u2013Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale. To examine regional cerebral blood flow, patients underwent arterial spin labeling analysis using magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin\u20106 levels were significantly correlated with State\u2013Trait Anxiety Inventory\u2010trait anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.25,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046) and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale\u2010autonomy frustration scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.29,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018). Patients with abnormally high cerebrospinal fluid interleukin\u20106 levels (defined &gt;97.5 percentile of the controls) had higher scores for trait anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.035) and autonomy frustration (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026), and significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow in the left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum than the remaining patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with elevated cerebrospinal fluid interleukin\u20106 constitute a subpopulation of psychiatric disorders associated with anxiety and autonomy frustration, which may be related to altered functions in specific brain areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T09:22:37Z","timestamp":1727256157000},"page":"792-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Possible association of elevated\n                    <scp>CSF IL<\/scp>\n                    \u20106 levels with anxiety and frustration in psychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Takako","family":"Enokida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioresources, Medical Genome Center National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Cognitive and Behavioral Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University  Tokyo 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