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Individuals who developed PD during the follow\u2010up period were identified. Cox regression models were used to analyze the hazard ratio (HR) of developing PD, adjusting for demographic factors, comorbidities, and psychotropic medication usage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both patients with BD [HR 8.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.35\u201311.72] and those with major depression (HR 5.68, 95% CI 4.15\u20137.78) had an elevated risk of subsequent PD compared to the controls. Patients with BD were associated with a 51% increased risk of subsequent PD compared with patients with major depression. Long\u2010term treatment with antiepileptic mood stabilizers was associated with increased PD risk among patients with late\u2010onset BD and high Charlson comorbidity index scores. Lithium was not associated with an increased PD risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study highlights an elevated PD risk in patients with BD and major depression compared to the controls, with BD patients at highest risk. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between psychotropic medications and neurodegenerative processes in BD, aiming to optimize therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T09:33:54Z","timestamp":1730453634000},"page":"29-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk of subsequent Parkinson's disease among patients with bipolar disorder or major depression: A nationwide longitudinal study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7970-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mao\u2010Hsuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan and Suao Branch  Ilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, 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