{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T01:41:22Z","timestamp":1770169282548,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CG\u2010113\u2010GP\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CG\u2010113\u2010GP\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antidepressants may induce antibiotic resistance, yet their impact on antibiotic treatment outcomes in clinical settings remains unexplored. This study investigates the association between antidepressant use and antibiotic treatment failure in outpatients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pneumonia, conditions with distinct pathogen origins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance database (2010\u20132021), this cohort study analyzed new outpatient antibiotic treatments for UTIs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094,176,347) and pneumonia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009498,156). Antidepressant use was defined as prescriptions within 6\u2009months before treatment initiation. Treatment failure occurring between days 4 and 14 after antibiotic initiation was defined as any antibiotic change, hospitalization, or emergency department visit. Subgroup analyses considered age, gender, comorbidities, and antibiotic types, along with antidepressant usage patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antidepressant use was linked to a higher risk of treatment failure in UTIs (adjusted hazard ratio\u2009=\u20091.11 [1.09, 1.13]) but not pneumonia. The risk was higher in females than in males and higher in older adults than in middle\u2010aged individuals. In addition, the use of specific antidepressants (e.g., imipramine, citalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, trazodone, and mirtazapine), particularly in combination (polypharmacy), was associated with a further increase in risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antidepressants are associated with a modest rise in UTI treatment failure risk, possibly due to antibiotic resistance or other mechanisms. Despite this, their essential role in mental health management outweighs the small risk, emphasizing the need for judicious use, particularly in females and older adults. Further research is warranted to clarify underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T05:58:21Z","timestamp":1764914301000},"page":"142-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of antidepressant use on antibiotic treatment outcomes in urinary tract infections and pneumonia: A population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Chi\u2010Shin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital  Yunlin Branch Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Chen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Chen","family":"Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Shiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5786-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010Lieh","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital  Yunlin Branch Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi\u2010Heng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Ju","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes  Zhunan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science National Tsing\u2010Hua University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1077192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721003160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43705-022-00147-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2208344120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02191-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.12.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"The effect of cytochrome P450 metabolism on drug response, interactions, and adverse effects","volume":"76","author":"Lynch T","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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