{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:43:40Z","timestamp":1786121020419,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JJ60706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ60706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective intervention for treatment\u2010resistant depression (TRD). Although prior studies have identified cerebellar functional alterations following ECT, cerebellar\u2013cerebral functional connectivity (FC) changes remain insufficiently explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebellar seeds were defined based on prior connectivity studies, targeting cerebellar regions functionally coupled with executive, default\u2010mode, and affective\u2010limbic networks. Seed\u2010based cerebellar\u2013cerebral FC analyses were conducted using neuroimaging data from 72 patients with TRD (52 of whom completed post\u2010ECT assessment) and 63 healthy controls (HCs). Correlation analyses assessed clinical associations, and support vector regression was applied to predict treatment response using baseline FC. Neuroimaging\u2013transcriptomic association analyses were conducted to identify gene expression patterns correlated with post\u2010ECT FC alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to HCs, patients with TRD exhibited decreased cerebellar connectivity with the sensorimotor network (SMN) and the default\u2010mode network (DMN). Following ECT, TRD patients showed significant alleviation of depressive symptoms, which was accompanied by a marked increase in cerebellar\u2013DMN connectivity. Enhanced FCs between the left Crus II\n                      <jats:sub>Exec2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus were positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) score reduction (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.343,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026). Additionally, baseline FC of the left Crus II\n                      <jats:sub>Exec2<\/jats:sub>\n                      significantly predicted HAMD reduction (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.412,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt; 0.001). Neuroimaging\u2013transcription association analysis revealed these FC alterations were associated with normative gene patterns enriched in synaptic signaling, ion channel, and chromatin remodeling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TRD is associated with reduced cerebellar\u2013SMN and cerebellar\u2013DMN connectivity. ECT may enhance cerebellar\u2013DMN connectivity, potentially contributing to antidepressant effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:30:25Z","timestamp":1778218225000},"page":"655-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cerebellar\u2013cerebral functional connectivity in patients with treatment\u2010resistant depression and their correlations with gene expression profiles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Leyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiding","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center  Hohhot Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center  Hohhot Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center  Hohhot Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6496-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Medicine Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1626-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center  Hohhot Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0691-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangpan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-011-0231-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"State\u2010level, and county\u2010level prevalence estimates of adults aged \u226518\u2009years self\u2010reporting a lifetime diagnosis of depression\u2014United States, 2020","volume":"72","author":"National LB","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"627","article-title":"STAR*D: Revising conventional wisdom","volume":"23","author":"Rush AJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719828965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200203000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10101419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113461"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41175-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.16.3.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14734220701490995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0260-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1868-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v12.i5.708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03330-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.01.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-024-00323-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115817"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0100-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0611-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002684"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e31825ebcc7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.01.578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-0013-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03265-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2025.107472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01519-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608270113"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.70071","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pcn.70071","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.70071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T02:26:26Z","timestamp":1786069586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pcn.70071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pcn.70071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.70071","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-1316","1440-1819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-1316","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}