{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:08:15Z","timestamp":1788786495745,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often accompanied by cognitive impairment; however, the cognitive heterogeneity of MDD and its neurobiological context remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 198 participants with MDD and 275 HCs underwent multi\u2010domain cognitive assessments and multi\u2010modal MRI acquisition. A semi\u2010supervised approach was applied to identify cognitive dimensions of MDD, and individual\u2010level structural\u2010enriched functional networks (SFNs) were constructed. Network\u2010based statistics were applied to characterize network\u2010level associations between structural\u2013functional coupling deviation and cognitive dimensions. Furthermore, the correlations between the spatial pattern of SFN deviation and meta\u2010analytic neurocognitive terms, cortical transcriptome, and neurotransmitter density distribution maps were detected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the MDD group, 103 individuals were assigned to Cluster 1, presenting widespread cognitive impairments, whereas 95 were assigned to Cluster 2, presenting cognitive preservations. An abnormally enhanced SFN subnetwork (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>Perm<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042) was identified, which showed significant spatial correlation with meta\u2010analytic neurocognitive maps (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.181,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The SFN deviation pattern was spatially associated with 2458 genes enriched primarily in neuronal and synaptic function, and these genes also showed enrichment for pathways annotated to neurodegenerative diseases (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, SFN deviation was spatially associated with three neurotransmitter maps, including N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate receptor, cannabinoid type\u20101 receptor, and norepinephrine transporter (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study provides a data\u2010driven characterization of cognitive heterogeneity in MDD, identifying two cognitive dimensions spanning from relative preservation to widespread impairment. By integrating structural\u2013functional coupling deviations with transcriptomic and neurotransmitter maps, these findings provide preliminary biological context for interpreting cognitive heterogeneity in MDD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.70126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:13:26Z","timestamp":1788783206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive heterogeneity in major depressive disorder: Neuroimaging, transcriptomic, and neurotransmitter profiles"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Yushun","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia'ao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Department Santai Psychiatric Hospital  Mianyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxue","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6210-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yikai","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2627-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.10.010","article-title":"Depression is not a consistent syndrome: An investigation of unique symptom patterns in the STAR*D study","volume":"172","author":"Fried EI","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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