{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:04:37Z","timestamp":1789639477651,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24KJ0233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJ0233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K18957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K18957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010446","name":"Institute for Basic Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IBS\u2010R015\u2010D2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBS\u2010R015\u2010D2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Disturbances of conscious experience are central features of many psychiatric and mental health disorders. Experimental studies of conscious perception are therefore increasingly cited in clinical and translational work under the assumption that they identify neural mechanisms specific to subjective experience. Over the past decades, recording and analysis techniques have advanced substantially and many candidate neural markers of consciousness have been proposed; however, these markers may not genuinely reflect consciousness\n                    <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>\n                    unless the underlying experimental paradigms are sufficiently stringent. We focus on one of the most widely used paradigms in basic and clinical research on consciousness: contrasting successful and unsuccessful detection of near\u2010threshold sensory stimuli (\u201cHit &amp; Miss\u201d paradigms). Reporting stimulus presence depends not only on subjective experience but also on decision criteria that can vary independently of any genuine conscious threshold, as well as on fluctuations in perceptual processing capacity and prestimulus cognitive states. We explain why proposed refinements, such as the Perceptual Awareness Scale, binocular rivalry, and no\u2010report paradigms, do not fully resolve these problems, and why many putative \u201cneural correlates of consciousness\u201d may instead index more general cognitive\/perceptual capacities. These confounds have important implications for how basic consciousness research is interpreted in relation to hallucinations, flashbacks, and other disorders of experience. We outline alternative experimental strategies, inspired in part by blindsight and related dissociation paradigms, that more cleanly separate conscious perception from decision criteria and perceptual capacity, and may therefore provide a more reliable foundation for linking neural data to subjective experience in psychiatry and clinical neuroscience.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:31:22Z","timestamp":1789637482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hitting and missing on consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4282-2616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Science RIKEN  Wako Japan"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research Institute for Basic Science  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Philosophy Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)  Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakwan","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research Institute for Basic Science  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Brain Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.08.006","article-title":"Disruption of conscious access in schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Berkovitch L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. 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