{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:52:51Z","timestamp":1791161571883,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"abstract":"\n Aim<\/jats:title>\n Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with greater symptom severity and treatment resistance in major depressive disorder (MDD), but their effects vary markedly across individuals. Growth factor polygenic profiles may contribute to this differential susceptibility by influencing stress responsivity, neuroplasticity, and structural brain variation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In an inpatient cohort (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200988) and a population\u2010based UK Biobank cohort (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009226), we tested whether polygenic scores (PGSs) for growth factors moderated the associations of ACE with symptom severity and treatment\u2010resistant depression (TRD) in depressed patients. The moderating effects of growth factor PGSs were modeled individually (single\u2010pathway moderation) and jointly using principal component analysis (PCA). We further tested whether the identified associations were mediated by gray matter volumes (GMVs) in a moderated mediation framework.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In the clinical cohort, the associations between ACE and symptom severity were moderated by PGSs for stem cell factor [SCF\/KITLG (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093.92,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n FDR<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20090.002)] and hepatocyte growth factor [HGF\/MET (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22122.81,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n FDR<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009= 0.03)]. Moderated\u2010mediation models identified conditional indirect effects involving GMV in parahippocampal and posterior cingulate regions (indices of moderated mediation: 0.17 and \u22120.33, respectively). A PCA\u2010derived growth factor profile showed a convergent pattern with the single\u2010PGS findings and moderated the associations of ACE with TRD (\n z<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22122.29,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.022). In the UK Biobank cohort, the moderating effect of ACE \u00d7 SCF\/KITLG PGS was replicated (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20092.27,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.024).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Growth factor polygenic disposition related to SCF\/KITLG and HGF\/MET may contribute to differential susceptibility to ACE in MDD. Structural brain findings were observed in medial temporal and cingulate regions and warrant confirmation in independent samples.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.70144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:42:12Z","timestamp":1791160932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Growth factor polygenic disposition shapes associations of childhood adversity with gray matter and clinical profiles in depression: A two\u2010cohort imaging\u2010genetics study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4026-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Cazzella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Fortaner\u2010Uy\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5731-5925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Paolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8288-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Percaccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Venturelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorder Unit IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Zanardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorder Unit IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Spadini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Serretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Kore University of Enna Enna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9594-0246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Vai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4949-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852925000185","article-title":"Early or recent trauma in treatment\u2010resistant depression: A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Fantasia S","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.023","article-title":"The effects of childhood trauma on the onset, severity and improvement of depression: The role of dysfunctional attitudes and cortisol levels","volume":"276","author":"Ju Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.0222","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and treatment\u2010resistant depression","volume":"9","author":"Xiong Y","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.011","article-title":"Understanding heterogeneity in grey matter research of adults with childhood maltreatment\u2014A meta\u2010analysis and review","volume":"69","author":"Paquola C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.111","article-title":"The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity","volume":"17","author":"Teicher MH","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2024.05.015","article-title":"Multimodal brain\u2010derived subtypes of major depressive disorder differentiate patients for anergic symptoms, immune\u2010inflammatory markers, history of childhood trauma and treatment\u2010resistance","volume":"85","author":"Colombo F","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.58","article-title":"Structural brain characteristics in treatment\u2010resistant depression: Review of magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"5","author":"Klok MPC","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.19010020","article-title":"The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: Increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders","volume":"180","author":"Lippard ETC","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017376","article-title":"Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences","volume":"135","author":"Belsky J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62374-w","article-title":"Gray matter correlates of childhood maltreatment lack replicability in a multi\u2010cohort brain\u2010wide association study","volume":"16","author":"Goltermann J","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104663","article-title":"The psychological factors mediating\/moderating the association between childhood adversity and depression: A systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22161","article-title":"Functions of neurotrophins and growth factors in neurogenesis and brain repair","volume":"83","author":"Oliveira SLB","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3379","article-title":"Neurotrophin regulation of neural circuit development and function","volume":"14","author":"Park H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.05.008","article-title":"Brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor signaling in depression and antidepressant action","volume":"90","author":"Castr\u00e9n E","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.02.013","article-title":"A neurotrophic model for stress\u2010related mood disorders","volume":"59","author":"Duman RS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9130868","article-title":"Alterations in the levels of growth factors in adolescents with major depressive disorder: A longitudinal study during the treatment with fluoxetine","volume":"2019","author":"Becerril\u2010Villanueva E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.07.002","article-title":"Peripheral vascular endothelial growth factor as a novel depression biomarker: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"62","author":"Carvalho AF","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4137\/BMI.S5183","article-title":"Decreased serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in individuals with depression correlates with severity of disease","volume":"5","author":"Russo AJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomark. Insights"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-016-9672-y","article-title":"Stem cell factor (SCF) is a putative biomarker of antidepressant response","volume":"11","author":"Benedetti F","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610282104","article-title":"VEGF is an essential mediator of the neurogenic and behavioral actions of antidepressants","volume":"104","author":"Warner\u2010Schmidt JL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10967","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10967","article-title":"Genome\u2010wide DNA methylation levels and altered cortisol stress reactivity following childhood trauma in humans","volume":"7","author":"Houtepen LC","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1334","article-title":"Childhood adversity and risk of suicide: Cohort study of 548 721 adolescents and young adults in Sweden","volume":"1334","author":"Bj\u00f6rkenstam C","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-02923-3","article-title":"Childhood trauma cortisol and immune cell glucocorticoid transcript levels are associated with increased risk for suicidality in adolescence","volume":"30","author":"Goltser\u2010Dubner T","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2017.11.003","article-title":"Differential impact of met receptor gene interaction with early\u2010life stress on neuronal morphology and behavior in mice","volume":"8","author":"Heun\u2010Johnson H","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2019.1700628","article-title":"Longitudinal DNA methylation changes at MET may alter HGF\/c\u2010MET signalling in adolescents at risk for depression","volume":"15","author":"Ciuculete DM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07453-w","article-title":"The genomic architecture of circulating cytokine levels points to drug targets for immune\u2010related diseases","volume":"8","author":"Konieczny MJ","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00742-5","article-title":"Polygenic risk scores: From research tools to clinical instruments","volume":"12","author":"Lewis CM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.023","article-title":"Stratification of individuals with lifetime depression and low wellbeing in the UK biobank","volume":"314","author":"Fabbri C","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172100502X","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and neuroticism\u2010related traits are the main factors associated with wellbeing independent of the history of lifetime depression in the UK biobank","volume":"53","author":"Fabbri C","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ\u20109: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2004.00300.x","article-title":"Early environment, emotions, responses to stress, and health","volume":"72","author":"Taylor SE","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton M","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01381-x","article-title":"A Delphi\u2010method\u2010based consensus guideline for definition of treatment\u2010resistant depression for clinical trials","volume":"27","author":"Sforzini L","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1298984","article-title":"Ein Screeninginstrument f\u00fcr Missbrauch und Vernachl\u00e4ssigung in der Kindheit: der Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS)","volume":"39","author":"Grabe H","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Prax."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5424","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa1029","article-title":"LDpred2: better, faster, stronger","volume":"36","author":"Priv\u00e9 F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","article-title":"Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods","volume":"8","author":"Johnson WE","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.034","article-title":"Image processing and quality control for the first 10,000 brain imaging datasets from UK biobank","volume":"166","author":"Alfaro\u2010Almagro F","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression\u2010Based Approach","author":"Hayes AF","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"The definition and meaning of treatment\u2010resistant depression","volume":"62","author":"Sackeim H","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.683609","article-title":"HGF and MET: From brain development to neurological disorders","volume":"9","author":"Desole C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00883-5","article-title":"The association of stem cell factor and soluble c\u2010kit (s\u2010cKit) receptor serum concentrations with the severity and risk prediction of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"37","author":"Mashayekhi F","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frdem.2024.1458038","article-title":"Tyrosine kinases: Multifaceted receptors at the intersection of several neurodegenerative disease\u2010associated processes","volume":"3","author":"Stevenson M","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Dement."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00046.2011","article-title":"Stem cell factor receptor\/c\u2010kit: From basic science to clinical implications","volume":"92","author":"Lennartsson J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2006","article-title":"Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: Central role of the brain","volume":"87","author":"McEwen BS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.12.067","article-title":"Stem cell factor and its receptor c\u2010kit as targets for inflammatory diseases","volume":"533","author":"Reber L","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03446.x","article-title":"Inhibition of apoptosis\u2010inducing factor translocation is involved in protective effects of hepatocyte growth factor against excitotoxic cell death in cultured hippocampal neurons","volume":"95","author":"Ishihara N","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.211","article-title":"Acute hepatocyte growth factor treatment induces long\u2010term neuroprotection and stroke recovery via mechanisms involving neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"31","author":"Doeppner TR","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145708009309","article-title":"A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of clinical studies on major depression and BDNF levels: Implications for the role of neuroplasticity in depression","volume":"11","author":"Brunoni AR","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa014","article-title":"Functional connectivity of the right inferior frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex in depression","volume":"15","author":"Rolls ET","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007","article-title":"Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control","volume":"27","author":"Seeley WW","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3335-10.2011","article-title":"Episodic memory retrieval, parietal cortex, and the default mode network: Functional and topographic analyses","volume":"31","author":"Sestieri C","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22234","article-title":"The parahippocampal gyrus links the default\u2010mode cortical network with the medial temporal lobe memory system","volume":"35","author":"Ward AM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.023","article-title":"Understanding heterogeneity in clinical cohorts using normative models: Beyond case\u2010control studies","volume":"80","author":"Marquand AF","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.01.021","article-title":"Effect of early stress on hippocampal gray matter is influenced by a functional polymorphism in EAAT2 in bipolar disorder","volume":"51","author":"Poletti S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14092","article-title":"Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat\u2010safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12\u2010 to 16\u2010year\u2010olds","volume":"66","author":"Samaey C","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.020","article-title":"Depressive rumination, the default\u2010mode network, and the dark matter of clinical neuroscience","volume":"78","author":"Hamilton JP","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.035","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between rumination and depressive symptoms in a probability sample of adults","volume":"260","author":"Whisman MA","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2748","article-title":"Understanding the association between adverse childhood experiences and subsequent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Zhang N","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597559","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1597559","article-title":"Adult ADHD and comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders: A review of etiology and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Fu X","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.07.024","article-title":"Brain\u2010charting autism and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder reveals distinct and overlapping neurobiology","volume":"97","author":"Bedford SA","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.70144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pcn.70144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pcn.70144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:42:26Z","timestamp":1791160946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pcn.70144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pcn.70144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.70144","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1323-1316","1440-1819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1323-1316","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"pcn.70144"}}