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This review summarizes important dermoscopic structures seen in infectious and inflammatory skin conditions and hair disorders in children. Scabies, pediculosis, phthiriasis, molluscum contagiosum, tinea nigra, and verrucae are well characterized dermoscopically by delta\u2010shaped structures, ovoid\u2010shaped nits, the crab louse, red corona, brown strands or spicules, and multiple densely packed papilla with a central black dot surrounded by a whitish halo, respectively. These dermoscopic structures will be discussed, focusing on the dermoscopic morphologies and dermoscopic sensitivity for diagnosis and its utility in monitoring treatment progress. Dermoscopy has also been shown to significantly improve the clinician's diagnostic and monitoring accuracy of inflammatory skin lesions such as psoriasis, which is characterized dermoscopically by uniformly distributed dotted blood vessels, and lichen planus, which is characterized by whitish lines on a purple to reddish background. Dermoscopy of the hair and scalp (trichoscopy) facilitates the differential diagnosis of hair diseases in children, including alopecia areata, trichotillomania, and tinea capitis. It can also assist in the diagnosis of multiple genetic hair shaft disorders, such as monilethrix, trichorrhexis invaginata, trichorrhexis nodosa, pili torti, and pili annulati.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T07:35:28Z","timestamp":1360827328000},"page":"163-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Dermoscopy for the Pediatric Dermatologist Part I: Dermoscopy of Pediatric Infectious and Inflammatory Skin Lesions and Hair Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Elena C.","family":"Haliasos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice Warren New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miryam","family":"Kerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Hauppauge New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Jaimes\u2010Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Hauppauge New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Rudnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Central Clinical Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs and Faculty of Health Sciences Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Zalaudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Malvehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Melanoma Unit Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Hofmann\u2010Wellenhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph P.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology UniversitatsSpital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashfaq A.","family":"Marghoob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Hauppauge New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.6.828"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp052784"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890420091011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2010.00686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1656","article-title":"The use of ELM to monitor the success of antiscabietic treatment. 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