{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1788863856633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]],"date-time":"2016-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vascular stains are a common reason for consultation in pediatric dermatology clinics. Although vascular stains include all vascular malformations, the term is most often used to refer to capillary malformations, but capillary malformations include a wide range of vascular stains with different clinical features, prognoses, and associated findings. The discovery of several mutations in various capillary malformations and associated syndromes has reinforced these differences, but clinical recognition of these different types of capillary vascular stains is sometimes difficult, and the multitude of classifications and confusing nomenclature often hamper the correct diagnosis and management. From our own experience and a review of the most relevant literature on this topic, we propose categorizing patients with capillary vascular stains into seven major clinical patterns: nevus simplex, port\u2010wine stain, reticulated capillary malformation, geographic capillary malformation, capillary malformation\u2013arteriovenous malformation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVM<\/jats:styled-content>), cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, and telangiectasia. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of vascular stains as well as other conditions that can closely resemble capillary malformations and thus may potentially be misdiagnosed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T03:22:48Z","timestamp":1469503368000},"page":"570-584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Vascular Stains: Proposal for a Clinical Classification to Improve Diagnosis and Management"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Rozas\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona J.","family":"Frieden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Ro\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eulalia","family":"Baselga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379793"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3673"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.08.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000246399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.6.1069","article-title":"Butterfly\u2010shaped mark: a variant form of nevus flammeus simplex","volume":"85","author":"Metzker A","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2000.01824.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.9.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170070078015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.07.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1994.tb04219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.6.0862"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Odontodysplasia. Report of three cases with vascular nevi overlying the adjacent skin of the face","volume":"46","author":"Walton JL","year":"1978","journal-title":"Oral Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1994.tb04004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000218226.27937.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318192988e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2003.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Facial port\u2010wine stains and Sturge\u2010Weber syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Enjolras O","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100008878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.05.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Choroid plexus size in young children with Sturge\u2010Weber syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Griffiths PD","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973796"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389501000113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307388800300306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320570110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738050200080901"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19921101-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2004.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2007.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.3.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000304606.33897.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.4.1546607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200411000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2008.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Klippel\u2010Trenaunay syndrome and phacomatoses","volume":"33","author":"van der Stricht J","year":"1980","journal-title":"Phlebologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198303000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.06.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20000731)93:3<171::AID-AJMG1>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.5.739","article-title":"Gram negative bacteremia in four patients with Klippel\u2010Trenaunay\u2010Weber syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Bird LM","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(94)00349-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30327"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320470514"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCD.0b013e328317a716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32517"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22431"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2012.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2011.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2005.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","first-page":"202","article-title":"Cutis marmonata telangiectatica congenita","volume":"3","author":"Van Lohuizen CHJ","year":"1922","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1964.01600010089019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Nevus vascularis reticularis (two cases)","volume":"47","author":"Brain RT","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1967.01600310104026","article-title":"Congenital phlebectasia: a histopathologic study","volume":"95","author":"Lynch PJ","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31971"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2000.01723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.03074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90354-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13816819009012958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)81187-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19880101-05","article-title":"Congenital glaucoma associated with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: two case reports","volume":"25","author":"Sato SE","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1992.tb03244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36836"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947601911408079"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpde.12939","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpde.12939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pde.12939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T18:22:18Z","timestamp":1695752538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pde.12939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pde.12939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.12939","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-8046","1525-1470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-8046","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1470","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]]}}}