{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:29:47Z","timestamp":1789500587708,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]],"date-time":"2016-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>One methodologic challenge in conducting research relating to diaper dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>) is the absence of a reliable, objective, validated scale for assessing severity. The aim of this study was to develop and validate such a scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scale development was based on experience of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> assessment and clinical and photographic data collected during the early stages of a randomized controlled trial of two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> treatments. The severity score is the sum of scores of four domains: severity of erythema and irritation, area with any <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>, papules or pustules, and open skin. Possible scores range from 0 (clear skin) to 6 (extensive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> including intense erythema, papules or pustules, and open skin with damage to the dermis). Assessors used the scale to attribute severity scores using high\u2010definition photographs of infants and babies with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>. Interrater reliability (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRR<\/jats:styled-content>), internal consistency, and test\u2013retest reliability were considered using intraclass correlation coefficients (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>s), Cronbach's \u03b1, and Cohen \u03ba statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRR<\/jats:styled-content> was very good between assessors familiar with the scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.949, p &lt; 0.001) and between assessors unfamiliar with the scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.850, p &lt; 0.001). Test\u2013retest reliability at 2 weeks was good (\u03ba = 0.603, p &lt; 0.001). Cronbach's \u03b1 for internal consistency was 0.702. Collation of photographs according to severity score revealed a visible continuum of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> severity, suggesting good construct validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The newly developed scale appears to be easy to use, reliable, and effective in detecting increasing or lessening <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]],"date-time":"2016-09-22T06:03:21Z","timestamp":1474524201000},"page":"632-639","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A New Scale for Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants: Development and Validation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Brian S.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines Manila Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinto Blas","family":"Mantaring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney B.","family":"Dofitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Carmela","family":"Lapitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health University of the Philippines Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aceleen","family":"Monteagudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e31823850ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.9.943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2007.00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05687.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Getting to the bottom of nappy rash","volume":"47","author":"Philipp R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"CD004262","article-title":"Disposable nappies for preventing napkin dermatitis in infants","volume":"3","author":"Baer EL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"CD004300","article-title":"Topical vitamin A, or its derivatives, for treating and preventing napkin dermatitis in infants","volume":"4","author":"Davies MW","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov.https:\/\/clinicaltrialsgov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02716415?term=NCT02716415&rank=1(accessed on May 12 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2001.01929.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0926-9959.2001.00002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288802700907"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Clinical tests with improved disposable diapers","volume":"14","author":"Campbell RL","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1989.tb01005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/810234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00152192-200701000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"KennedyKL LutzJ.Comparison of the efficacy and cost\u2010effectiveness of three skin protectants in the management of incontinence dermatitis. 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