{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:36:39Z","timestamp":1761129399879},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005671","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa e \u00e0 Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica do Estado de Sergipe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The true pathogenic mechanism of vitiligo is still unknown. About half of the patients with this disease have onset before the age of 20 years, making it a serious dermatologic disorder in childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to review the literature in a systematic way and identify the main pharmacologic treatments and outcomes in children and adolescents with vitiligo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four databases\u2014the National Library of Medicine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LILACS<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2014were used for the search up to January 2015. All electronic search titles, selected abstracts and full\u2010text articles were independently reviewed by a minimum of two reviewers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 15 articles from 13 different countries: 3 were retrospective and 12 were prospective; the number of participants in the studies varied between 9 and 400, ages ranged from 0 to 18 years, and the duration of disease ranged from 1 to 17 years. The most commonly used drugs were tacrolimus alone (or combined with clobetasol), pimecrolimus, corticosteroids, and calcipotriol. Treatment duration ranged from 10 days to 6 months with a topical route of administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main outcome measurements were morphometric analysis performed using a computer program, hematologic or biochemical change, and photography (predominant). It is unclear which was the most effective treatment for vitiligo, however, it was found that these therapies are all promising in the treatment of the disease. With proper care, disease control and repigmentation, even if partial, can be achieved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T06:46:39Z","timestamp":1479883599000},"page":"13-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pharmacologic Treatment of Vitiligo in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Andreia Freire","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Universidade Federal de Sergipe\u2010UFS Aracaju SE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Oliveira de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Universidade Federal de Sergipe\u2010UFS Aracaju SE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosana S. 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