{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:46:46Z","timestamp":1791586006553,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spitz nevi are benign melanocytic neoplasms characterized by epithelioid or spindle melanocytes or both. In some rare cases their presentation overlaps with the clinical and histopathologic features of malignant melanoma, so a differential diagnosis can be difficult to make. Intermediate forms between Spitz nevi and malignant melanoma, with unpredictable behavior, have been called atypical Spitz tumors. A literature search was performed to review the clinical, dermoscopic, genetic, and histopathologic aspects of spitzoid tumors. Spitz nevi mainly occur in children, with no predilection for sex, and in young women. Common sites are the head and lower arms, where Spitz nevi present as pink nodules or hyperpigmented plaques. Spitzoid lesions may have diverse dermoscopic patterns: vascular, starburst, globular, atypical, reticular, negative homogeneous, or targetoid. The management of spitzoid lesions can be invasive or conservative; surgical excision is usually reserved for those with doubtful features, whereas clinical and dermoscopic follow\u2010up is preferred for typical pediatric Spitz nevi. The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in atypical Spitz tumors is debated. Immunohistochemistry and new molecular techniques such as comparative genomic hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization offer new diagnostic perspectives, investigating genetic alterations that are specific for malignant melanoma or for Spitz nevi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T10:36:39Z","timestamp":1479810999000},"page":"25-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Spitz Nevi and Other Spitzoid Neoplasms in Children: Overview of Incidence Data and Diagnostic Criteria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Emi","family":"Dika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia Maria","family":"Ravaioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Alessandro","family":"Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iria","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Patrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Melanomas of childhood","volume":"24","author":"Spitz S","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Spitz nevi: defining features and management in children","volume":"149","author":"Neri I","year":"2014","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197707)40:1<217::AID-CNCR2820400134>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2011.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.132.3.352"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000185249.21805.d3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000246051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(02)00226-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1978.01640240053018","article-title":"Nevus of large spindle and\/or epithelioid cells (Spitz's nevus)","volume":"114","author":"Paniago\u2010Pereira C","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181c52b99"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70300-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198911000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02068.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2001.1861991.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198712000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","volume-title":"Color atlas of dermatoscopy","author":"Braun\u2010Falco O","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000326109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(91)90061-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.11.1381"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Common and uncommon melanocytic nevi and borderline melanomas","volume":"2","author":"Reed RJ","year":"1975","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70286-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Spindle and\/or epithelioid cells nevi in pediatric age: are they different from those of adults? A clinical review of 187 cases","volume":"146","author":"Betti R","year":"2011","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198409000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2012.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2012.00902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000300001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"The histology and differential diagnosis of Spitz nevus","volume":"10","author":"Binder SW","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(99)80009-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.3.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90135-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90421-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962010000400021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12399"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.4.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.122193"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000161120"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000300093"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2013.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24047"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70608-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2002.02067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2012.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181ac1927"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000160"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000209"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00766"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800653"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000157749.18591.9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64609-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181f0a749"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00787.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019606-200403000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181b72d6f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.4745"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"Correlating array comparative genomic hybridization findings with histology and outcome in spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms","volume":"3","author":"Ali L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","first-page":"1146","article-title":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as an ancillary diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of melanoma","volume":"33","author":"Gerami P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31824b1efd"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpde.13025","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pde.13025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T15:19:26Z","timestamp":1695741566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pde.13025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pde.13025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.13025","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-8046","1525-1470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-8046","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1470","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]]}}}