{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T20:54:34Z","timestamp":1760820874554,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]],"date-time":"2017-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diaper dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>) is one of the most common skin conditions in infants and young children. Among the factors associated with greater frequency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> are high skin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and transepidermal water loss (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content>). This study examined the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> in healthy black children in Nigeria and evaluated the association between skin surface <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> TEWL<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was cross\u2010sectional in design and involved children younger than 2\u00a0years attending eight immunization clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0424). Children were recruited into the study using multistage sampling. Information collected included sociodemographic data, diapering and feeding practices. Physical examination of the diaper area was performed on each child to determine whether dermatitis was present. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content> and skin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> were measured on the anterior chest wall and gluteal areas of each child.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 165 (38.9%) children had clinical evidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>. The mean skin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content> values were higher in the gluteal area than the anterior chest wall in all subjects, with or without dermatitis. The mean skin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly higher on the anterior chest wall and in the gluteal area in children with DD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Nigerian children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>, skin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content> are higher in the diaper area and at an unaffected skin site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]],"date-time":"2017-05-19T07:41:27Z","timestamp":1495179687000},"page":"303-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Skin <scp>pH<\/scp> and Transepidermal Water Loss Values in Children with Diaper Dermatitis in Ibadan, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2543-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adewale","family":"Owa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Oladokun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine University of Ibadan University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kikelomo","family":"Osinusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine University of Ibadan University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Etiology and pathophysiology of diaper dermatitis","volume":"3","author":"Berg RW","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Diaper dermatitis: differential diagnosis and management","volume":"36","author":"Kellen PE","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.9.943"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Differences in the skin surface pH and bacteria microflora","volume":"70","author":"Korting HC","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2002.10342.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb15141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Socio\u2010economic and cultural background of hospitalised children in Ilesha","volume":"12","author":"Oyedeji GA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nig J Paediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2006.00344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000094670"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70287-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1994.tb00066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01399.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","unstructured":"KazziAA DibR.Diaper Rash.http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/801222(accessed on December 5 2012)."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpde.13117","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pde.13117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T01:56:47Z","timestamp":1696211807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pde.13117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pde.13117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.13117","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-8046","1525-1470"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0736-8046"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1525-1470"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}}}