{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T16:55:54Z","timestamp":1758992154765,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infantile hemangiomas (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IH<\/jats:styled-content>s) involving the conjunctiva are only anecdotally reported in the literature and little is known about their clinical course. In a retrospective case series we aimed to better delineate the clinical presentation, complications, and response to treatment of this uncommon subtype of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IH<\/jats:styled-content>. A classification of conjunctival <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IH<\/jats:styled-content> is proposed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical charts at three academic pediatric dermatology institutions were retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected on the clinical characteristics, ophthalmologic findings, treatments, and outcomes of 22 individuals with conjunctival <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growth characteristics of conjunctival <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IH<\/jats:styled-content> closely mirrored those of their cutaneous counterparts. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were associated with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IH<\/jats:styled-content> in six individuals (27%); in three, they were considered severe. Seventeen subjects (77%) required treatment, most commonly because of risk of ocular compromise. All treated individuals responded favorably to topical timolol or systemic propranolol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conjunctival <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IH<\/jats:styled-content> have clinical characteristics similar to those of cutaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IH<\/jats:styled-content> and respond readily to beta\u2010blocker treatment. Ocular complications may occur in a minority of individuals receiving treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T12:45:23Z","timestamp":1510836323000},"page":"681-685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Infantile hemangiomas with conjunctival involvement: An\u00a0underreported occurrence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7160-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Theiler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dermatology University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eulalia","family":"Baselga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatologia Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Gerth\u2010Kahlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin F.","family":"Mathes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Schwieger\u2010Briel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dermatology University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Chaloupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Weibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dermatology University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilona J.","family":"Frieden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2570-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.7.869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780195145052.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Hemangioma on the eyelids and ocular conjunctiva","volume":"27","author":"Iliev E","year":"1985","journal-title":"Folia Med 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