{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:33:29Z","timestamp":1785879209260,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency in infants is uncommonly reported from developed countries and generally lacks dermatologic manifestations. On the contrary, infantile vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency is common in India and cutaneous manifestations are a constant feature, although often overshadowed by neurologic and hematological manifestations. The aim of this study was to describe the skin changes of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency in infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficient infants for clinical and laboratory parameters was performed and data analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010three infants, 30 boys and 13 girls, aged 4 to 27\u00a0months, with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency were identified. Skin hyperpigmentation was present in 41 infants; it was localized to the dorsa of hands and feet in 26. Fifteen infants had generalized hyperpigmentation; 10 had a reticulate pattern, and 5 had a homogeneous pattern. Brown and sparse scalp hair were present in all. Glossitis was seen in 5 infants and cheilitis in 3. Of the 32 infants who underwent laboratory investigations, 28 had anemia and 21 macrocytosis. Serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> was measured in 30 infants; it was low in 19. Of the 11 with normal serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, 9 had received vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> before referral but had macrocytosis and low maternal serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>. The infants were treated with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>. Skin pigmentation and mucosal changes resolved completely by 3\u20104\u00a0weeks, but hair changes were slower to reverse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous findings are a common feature of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency in Indian infants and resolve with treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T11:44:31Z","timestamp":1539258271000},"page":"796-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dermatologic findings of vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency in infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2540-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukhjot","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology Dayanand Medical College&amp; Hospital Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatinder Singh","family":"Goraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Pediatrics Dayanand Medical College &amp; Hospital Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112160"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815583688"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1402-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Neurological findings of nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in children","volume":"52","author":"Incecik F","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)90682-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80513-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197808172990701"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Infantile tremor syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Sharda B","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mph.0000212958.89091.c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2013.861477"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.123083"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Nutritional dystrophy with anemia","volume":"6","author":"Dikshit AK","year":"1957","journal-title":"Indian J Child Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02896818"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5347.1713"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Further observations on the syndrome of tremors in infants","volume":"1","author":"Kaul KK","year":"1964","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"The syndrome of tremors, mental regression and anemia in infants and young children. A study of 102 cases","volume":"2","author":"Sachdev KK","year":"1965","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1967.tb08865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Further observations on infantile tremor syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Bajpai PC","year":"1968","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02829938"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/34.4.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.164493"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000236392.87203.cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2001.tb00134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)70112-0"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpde.13679","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pde.13679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T10:43:21Z","timestamp":1694861001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pde.13679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pde.13679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.13679","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-8046","1525-1470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-8046","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1470","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}