{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:34:46Z","timestamp":1788388486143,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of preadolescent acne has not been well studied, and it is uncertain if <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> is a predominant organism in the microbiome in this age group. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiome of preadolescent females and to assess whether benzoyl peroxide impacts the microbiome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study enrolled girls, aged 7\u201012\u00a0years, with evidence of at least six acne lesions who had not been previously treated. Participants\u2019 skin surface of forehead, cheeks, nose, chin, left retroauricular crease, and extruded contents of a comedonal lesion were sampled at baseline. Participants used benzoyl peroxide 4% wash for 6\u20108\u00a0weeks and returned for skin surface sampling and extraction collection. Microbiome analysis was performed using 16S ribosomal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> gene amplicon sequencing on all swab and lesional extraction samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010one participants were enrolled with a median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGA<\/jats:styled-content> score of 2 (mild). Changes in microbiome diversity were associated with increasing age and number of acne lesions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). <jats:italic>C.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic> had higher abundances on forehead and nose, as opposed to cheeks and chin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009). Bacterial diversity (alpha diversity) of the skin microbiome was comparable between preadolescent at baseline and after treatment with benzoyl peroxide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first large assessment characterizing female acne microbiome in early and late preadolescence. Results show that preadolescent acne can vary in its microbial profile, reflecting surrounding changes associated with the onset of puberty. Although benzoyl peroxide use was associated with decreased acne counts, its effect on microbial diversity was not demonstrated in our study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T09:28:03Z","timestamp":1547803683000},"page":"200-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The microbiome in preadolescent acne: Assessment and prospective analysis of the influence of benzoyl peroxide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3911-9813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jusleen","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology University of California, San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5692-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna","family":"Borok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology University of California, San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen S.","family":"Haddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology University of California, San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul S.","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology University of California, San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveie\u00a0W.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProdermIQ, Inc San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProdermIQ, Inc San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasan","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProdermIQ, Inc San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2760-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence\u00a0F.","family":"Eichenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology University of California, San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12607634"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1980.tb08140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171700"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1997.tb01126.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690030040006","article-title":"Acne vulgaris in premenarchal girls. 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