{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:20:59Z","timestamp":1771482059579,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the gold standard for treating port\u2010wine birthmarks (PWBs), but no consensus exists regarding anesthetic techniques when performing PDL for PWB. Given potential adverse neurocognitive effects from general anesthesia (GA) exposure in early childhood, we sought to establish current attitudes and practice patterns regarding anesthesia when treating PWB with PDL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An electronic REDCap survey was distributed to members of the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) and the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) via email. Aggregate, anonymized results were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 47 respondents, the majority (83%) identified as board\u2010certified pediatric dermatologists. When treating children &lt;4\u00a0years old, 70% endorsed some use of topical anesthesia. Although 87% reported concerns about long\u2010term side effects on development and school performance affecting their pursuit of GA, 61% reported use of GA for PDL in children &lt;4\u00a0years old. All 4 (100%) respondents whose PDL was located in the operating room (OR) setting reported use of GA, compared to 6 of 17 (35%) respondents whose PDL machine was not located in the OR. Providers were more likely to use GA in patients between 1 and 4\u00a0years old (70%) compared to those &lt;1\u00a0year old (2%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diverse practice patterns reiterate the need for a standardized anesthetic approach for PDL in young children and continued research on other factors (ie, location\/accessibility of PDL, lesion size) impacting anesthesia choices. Given potential neurodevelopmental risks associated with GA, specific guidance to effectively minimize its use in favor of topical anesthetics should be provided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T08:18:55Z","timestamp":1613895535000},"page":"575-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anesthetic techniques used for pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of port\u2010wine birthmarks: An exploratory assessment of current attitudes and practice patterns among pediatric dermatologists in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dermatology John Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prachi","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dermatology John Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2618-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Mannschreck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dermatology John Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5213-6936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dermatology John Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 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